24 research outputs found
Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Occurrence in the Moray Firth, Northeast Scotland: Incidental Sightings,Behavioural Observations, and Photo-Identification
No full textThe article reports on the killer whale, known as Orcinus orca and its occurrence in the Moray Firth, Northeast Scotland. Topics discussed include the incidental sightings of this species, its behavioural observations, and photo-identification. Also being discussed are the white-beaked dolphins called Lagenorhynchus albirostris, and annual pupping season of the common seal called Phoca vitulina
Notes on the Occurence of Glacial Material Beyond the Border of the Drift in Muskingum Courty, Ohio
No full textAuthor Institution: Bureau of Economic Geology and Technology, University of Texa
Female reproductive success and calf survival in a North Sea coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population
No full textBetween-female variation in reproductive output provides a strong measure of individual fitness and a quantifiable measure of the health of a population which may be highly informative to management. In the present study, we examined reproductive traits in female bottlenose dolphins from the east coast of Scotland using longitudinal sightings data collected over twenty years. From a total of 102 females identified between 1997 and 2016, 74 mothers produced a collective total of 193 calves. Females gave birth from 6 to 13 years of age with a mean age of 8. Calves were produced during all study months, May to October inclusive, but showed a seasonal birth pulse corresponding to the regional peak in summer water temperatures. Approximately 83% (n = 116) of the calves of established fate were successfully raised to year 2-3. Of the known mortalities, ~45% were first-born calves. Calf survival rates were also lower in multiparous females who had previously lost calves. A mean inter-birth interval (IBI) of 3.80 years (n = 110) and mean fecundity of 0.16 was estimated for the population. Calf loss resulted in shortened IBIs, whilst longer IBIs were observed in females assumed to be approaching reproductive senescence. Maternal age and size, breeding experience, dominance, individual associations, group size and other social factors, were all concluded to influence reproductive success (RS) in this population. Some females are likely more important than others for the future viability of the population. Consequently, a better knowledge of the demographic groups containing those females showing higher reproductive success would be highly desirable for conservation efforts aimed at their protection.
Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Mobil Pada CV. Teksa Rent Car Di Kecamatan Bukit Raya
No full textAt this time the development of the flow of economic globalization is growing very much rapidly, especially in the field of transportation because in order to increase the level community life that is supported by an increase in the quality of resources one of which is the land transportation system. In the contract system that used in car rental, namely leasing and using the system written agreement used as a rule. In practice the lease agreement renting a car not everything goes well. It's still happening default by tenants in terms of car rental agreements. Based on the description above, a problem arises, namely how implementation of the car rental agreement on CV. Texas Rent Car, how is the settlement of default in the implementation of the rental agreement rent a car at CV. Texas Rent Car. The research method used is Sociological Legal Research namely by way of a survey, which is carried out directly to the research location with using data collection tools in the form of interviews and questionnaires to respondent. The method of drawing conclusions that the authors use is inductive by connecting things that are special with things that are general. In the results of research conducted by the author, it can be concluded implementation car rental agreement between CV. Texa Rent Car with tenants carried out in writing, where the agreement is carried out by default, i.e tenants must meet the requirements specified by one of the parties CV. Texta Rent Cart. Fill in the rental agreement on Cv. Texa Rent Car contains Rights and Obligations of each party in accordance with the agreement that has been agreed upon. However, there was a discrepancy in the agreement in the form of being late car return, car that was rushed, car return in a scuffed state body, as well as tenants who do not have good faith. The occurrence of default by the lessee in implementing the car rental agreement at Cv. Text Rent a car in the Bukit Raya sub-district so that the settlement process was carried out by the lessor is preceded by amicability or by non-litigation, that is settlement of cases outside the court by prioritizing a sense of togetherness and relationship between tenant and lessor
Archaeological survey and assessment of properties for the Conquista Project in Live Oak and Karnes Counties, Texas
No full textAt the request of Mr. Galen Quigley, representing the Conquista Project, Falls City, Texas, the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological and historical assessment of five land tracts in Karnes County and one land tract in Live Oak County. The contract for this work was confirmed by a letter from Mr. Quigley dated March 2, 1978. In compliance with the above agreement, a field team consisting of Harvey Smith, crew chief, and Don White was authorized to proceed with field survey work. Field investigations were under the general supervision of Dr. Thomas R. Hester, Director of the Center, and Mr. Jack Eaton, Assistant Director. Field work was accomplished in the latter part of March 1978. The five land tracts in Karnes County are contiguous and are discussed as a group in this report. The one land tract in Live Oak County is discussed separately. Upon completion of field work, collected materials were analyzed by the author as a part of the preparation of this report. Specimens, together with field notes and photographs, are on file at the Center for Archaeological Research.Conquista Project, Falls City, Texa
Massed trial Overtraining Effects on Extinction and Reversal Performance in Turtles (Geoclemys reevesii)
No full textM asato Ishida Osa ka U niversity of E duca tion, Osa ka , J a pa n M auricio R. Papin i Texa s Christia n U niversity, Fort Worth, Texa s, U.S.A. Two exp erim en ts w ith tu r tles (Geoclemys reev esii) exam ined th e overtrain ing extin ction effect (O E E ) an d th e overtraining reve rsal effect (O RE ), u n d er m assed train ing con d ition s. In E xp erim en t 1, th ree g ro u ps of tur tles received 7, 14, or 21 session s of tr ainin g in a r u nw ay situ atio n for food reinforcem en t, follow ed by 15 se ssio ns of extin ction . E xtin ctio n w as faster, th e greater th e nu m ber of acqu isitio n sessio ns. In E xp erim en t 2, the tw o g ro u ps of tu rtles lear ned a sp atial discrim ination for food reinforcem en t either to a criterio n (19 of 20 cor rect re sp o ns es), or to th at criterion plu s 100 add ition al trials of overtr ainin g. W h en th e validity of th e p osition s w as reve rsed , lear nin g w as faster for th e over tr ain ed gro u p than for th e gro u p tr ained to a criterion . T his eviden ce of th e O E E and the O R E is th e ® r st yet rep or ted for a re ptile. T h e resu lts are d iscu ssed in th e fr am ew or k of com p arative re sear ch on rew ardsc hed u le effects. Turtles 1 trained und er m assed cond ition s show g reater resistance to extin ction after acq uisition w ith partial than co ntinuous rein forcem ent. T his phenom en on, called the partial rein forcem ent extinction effect (P RE E ), w as reported in three studies in w hich several trials per sessio n an d a relatively short intertrial interval (IT I) w ere u sed (Ishida & K itam ura, 1988; M urillo, D iercks, & C ap aldi, 1961; W ise & G allagher, 1964). Shef® eld (1949) sug gested that the P RE E occurs because the aftereffects of rew ard an d no n-rew ard becom e part of the stim ulu s com plex co ntrolling instr um ental perfor m an ce. Becau se a partial reinforcem ent schedule involves training to respond w hile under the in¯uence of the aftereffects of no n-rew ard, a shift from acquisitio n to extinction is less discrim inable Requests for reprints sh ould be sent to M . Ishid a, D epartm e nt of Psyc holo g y, Osak a U niversity of E ducatio n, 698± 1, 4-C hom e Asahig aok a K ashiw ara-C ity, Osaka , Japan 582 , or to M .R . Papini, D epartm ent of P syc hology, Texas Ch ristia n U niversi ty, Fort Worth, TX 76129 , U.S.A . The re searc h reported in this article was supported by G rant 066100 74 (to M .I.) from the M in istr y of E ducatio n, Japan. The author s would lik e to thank Saek o M aeno for colle cting part of the data. 1 In Britain , sem i-aq uatic chelonians are re ferred to as``terrapin s' ' . The name``turtles' ' is kept here for consiste ncy with its prevaili ng use in the literatu re. Ó 199 7 The E xp erim ental Psyc holo g y S ociety for partially reinforced an imals than it is for co ntinuously reinforced an im als. O n the assum ptio n that stim ulus aftereffects decay in tim e, the car ry-over m echan ism should in¯uence behaviour predom inan tly under relatively m assed condition s of training. H owever, the PR E E has been obtained in experim ents w ith rats in w hich the IT I w as 24 hr long E X PE R IM E N T 1 Typically, resistance to extinction ® rst increases an d then decreases w ith m o notonic increm ents in th e am ount of acquisition trainin g. It is th e later decrease that constitutes the O E E . T he O E E w as observed in som e runw ay an d Skinner box studies w ith rats (e.g. Ishida, 1973; Ison, 1962; N orth & Stim m el, 1960; Senkow ski, 1978; T heio s & Brelsford, 1964 ), alth ou gh it failed to ap pear in other, sim ilar studies (M ackintosh, 1974). T he evidence from experim ents w ith gold® sh is also am biguous. Fo r exam ple, Ishid a (1 977) found no evidence of the O E E in a runw ay experim ent using a 60-sec IT I an d either 21 or 69 acquisitio n trials, an d althou gh Z ych an
Ecological habitat partitioning and feeding specialisations of coastal minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) using a recently designated MPA in northeast Scotland
No full textIn the design of protected areas for cetaceans, spatial maps rarely take account of the life-history and behaviour of protected species relevant to their spatial ambit, which may be important for their management. In this study, we examined the distribution and feeding behaviours of adult versus juvenile minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from long-term studies in the Moray Firth in northeast Scotland, where a Marine Protected Area (MPA) has recently been designated. Data were collected during dedicated boat surveys between 2001 and 2022 inclusive, from which 784 encounters with 964 whales of confirmed age-class (471 juveniles and 493 adults) were recorded from 56,263 km of survey effort, resulting in 238 focal follows. Adults and juveniles were occasionally seen together, but their distributions were not statistically correlated, and GIS revealed spatial separation / habitat partitioning by age-class―with juveniles preferring shallower, inshore waters with sandy-gravel sediments, and adults preferring deeper, offshore waters with greater bathymetric slope. GAMs suggested that the partitioning between age-classes was predominantly based on the differing proximity of animals to the shore, with juveniles showing a preference for the gentlest seabed slopes, and both adults and juveniles showing a similar preference for sandy gravel sediment types. However, the GAMs only used sightings data with available survey effort (2008 to 2022) and excluded depth due to collinearity issues. Whilst adult minkes employed a range of “active” prey-entrapment specialisations, showing inter-individual variation and seasonal plasticity in their targeted prey, juveniles almost exclusively used “passive” (low energy) feeding methods targeting low-density patches of inshore prey. These findings corroborate the need to incorporate demographic and behavioural data into spatial models when identifying priority areas for protected cetacean species. Not all areas within an MPA have equal value for a population and a better knowledge of the spatial preferences of these whales within the designated Scottish MPAs, appointed for their protection, is considered vital for their conservation
Fig 3 -
No full textThe spatial associations of adult and juvenile minke whales in the Moray Firth study area with respect to the eco-geographic variables (a) water depth, (b) bathymetric slope, (c) proximity to shore and (d) sea bottom sediment type.</p
Intra-seasonal changes in minke whale feeding techniques and proximity to shore from 95 feeding events observed between 2002 and 2017.
No full textIntra-seasonal changes in minke whale feeding techniques and proximity to shore from 95 feeding events observed between 2002 and 2017.</p
The mean water depth, slope and proximity to shore of adult and juvenile minke whale sightings recorded in the outer Moray Firth between 2001 and 2022 inclusive (n = 964).
No full textThe mean water depth, slope and proximity to shore of adult and juvenile minke whale sightings recorded in the outer Moray Firth between 2001 and 2022 inclusive (n = 964).</p
