1,720,953 research outputs found
Visual performance in myopic patients wearing daily-disposable multifocal soft contact lenses
Get PDFThe ageing population will become one of the biggest issues affecting Singapore in the near future. Ophthalmic practitioners will need to be ready to deal with an increased prevalence of glaucoma, cataract, age related maculopathy and even presbyopia. As presbyopes lose their ability to accommodate at near vision, visual aids such as progressive lenses, bifocal lenses, reading glasses, monovision contact lenses and multifocal contact lenses are prescribed to help them with reading difficulties and improve their daily lives. Interestingly, an international survey in 2011 revealed zero percent soft multifocal contact lenses was prescribed in Singapore for presbyopia correction. Although there are improvements in multifocal lens design and material, no new research being conducted to investigate the presbyopic lens fitting status in Singapore. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown an increased in multifocal contact lenses prescribing trends, perhaps reflecting not just the availability of newer multifocal contact lenses, but also improvement in practitioners’ confidence and knowledge in multifocal contact lenses. However, in spite of the available guides on choosing multifocal contact lenses, there is no comprehensive way to help the practitioner in selecting the best option for an individual. As such, an examination of the simplest way of predicting the most suitable multifocal lens for a patient will only enhance and add to the current evidence available. A survey was conducted to understand the Singaporean practitioners’ attitude towards soft multifocal lenses and its prescribing trend. In this survey, an increase in the rate of soft multifocal contact lens fitting was observed, the perception of the unavailability of an ‘ideal’ multifocal contact lens, and increased chair time in fitting soft multifocal contact lenses were identified as significant barriers. However, enablers such as the increased in practitioners’ motivation, confidence and proactiveness in fitting soft multifocal contact lenses were gathered. Additionally, this study aimed to compare the relative performance of three daily-replacement soft contact lenses for presbyopic correction in an optometric practice population in Singapore. The three daily-disposable multifocal contact lenses included in this study were 1-day Acuvue® Moist Brand Multifocal Contact Lenses for Presbyopia (Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL), Clariti 1-day Mulitfocal (Cooper Vision, NY) and Dailies AquaComfort Plus Multifocal (Alcon, Fort worth, TX). In this crossover study design, 35 presbyopic participants with myopia were fitted in a random order with three different types of multifocal contact lens. After 1 month, visual performance was quantified by high contrast distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, defocus curve under photopic and mesopic conditions, reading speed, Near Activity Visual Questionnaire rating and Photographic questionnaire for Photic Phenomena. The results showed comparable levels of binocular distance, intermediate and near visual acuity achieved with the three different types of multifocal contact lens at 1-month follow up. However, a better distance acuity at distance under mesopic condition for AquaComfortPlus. In terms of subjective participant lens preference, nine participants (26%) preferred Moist multifocal, 16 participants (46%) preferred Clariti multifocal and 10 participants (28%) preferred AquaComfortPlus multifocal. However, lens preference was not related to demographic factors relating to age, gender, refractive error and the magnitude of reading addition or physiological characteristic such as pupil size. In terms of the performance of participants with their preferred lens when observing the defocus curve under mesopic condition, it emerged that there was an interaction between lens types and acuity at different levels of defocus. From this, it seems that lens preference may perhaps be driven by a change in visual experience that only manifested in low illumination conditions, suggesting it may be important to conduct objective measure such as visual acuity under mesopic condition when fitting modern-day multifocal contact lenses. It remains a hope for the future that new clinical tests or more diverse lens designs would be valuable to help the practitioner to improve the chances of first time success when fitting a multifocal contact lens for presbyopic correction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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