523 research outputs found
Technical handbook for dengue surveillance, dengue outbreak prediction/detection and outbreak response (Model contingency plan)
No full textThis handbook was produced by TDR together with WHO’s Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Department and WHO regional offices in the context of a European Union-financed research programme, the International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management and Surveillance (IDAMS), to develop an evidence-based handbook for the early outbreak detec-tion and management of dengue fever outbreaks. The handbook targets public health providers, in particular those at national level. It is not an implementation guideline, but a framework for developing a national contingency plan with local adaptations that acknowledge micro-level pro-gramme components. Response planning requires contextual details encompassing the structure of the health and vector control services, the availability of infrastructure and budget, and human resources, and the willingness of staff to cooperate, among others.The aim of this “model contingency plan” is to assist programme managers and planners in devel-oping a national, context-specific, dengue outbreak response plan in order to: (a) detect a dengue outbreak at an early stage through clearly defined and validated alarm signals; (b) precisely define when a dengue outbreak has started; and (c) organize an early response to the alarm signals or an “emergency response” once an outbreak has started.A summary of this document, "Dengue Contingency Planning: From Research to Policy and Practice" (PNTD-D-16-00407R1) has also been published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.</p
Technical handbook for dengue surveillance, dengue outbreak prediction/detection and outbreak response (Model contingency plan)
No full textThis handbook was produced by TDR together with WHO’s Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Department and WHO regional offices in the context of a European Union-financed research programme, the International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management and Surveillance (IDAMS), to develop an evidence-based handbook for the early outbreak detec-tion and management of dengue fever outbreaks. The handbook targets public health providers, in particular those at national level. It is not an implementation guideline, but a framework for developing a national contingency plan with local adaptations that acknowledge micro-level pro-gramme components. Response planning requires contextual details encompassing the structure of the health and vector control services, the availability of infrastructure and budget, and human resources, and the willingness of staff to cooperate, among others.The aim of this “model contingency plan” is to assist programme managers and planners in devel-oping a national, context-specific, dengue outbreak response plan in order to: (a) detect a dengue outbreak at an early stage through clearly defined and validated alarm signals; (b) precisely define when a dengue outbreak has started; and (c) organize an early response to the alarm signals or an “emergency response” once an outbreak has started.A summary of this document, "Dengue Contingency Planning: From Research to Policy and Practice" (PNTD-D-16-00407R1) has also been published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.</p
Theorema runge
No full textDi dalam pembahasan theorema RUnge diperlihatkan
bahwa suatu fungsi rasional di dalamisuatu daerah ter¬tentu dapat dapat didekati oleh suatu fungi analitik.
Mak& dapat dikatakan bahwa fungsi ra5ional akan konver-. gen ke suatu fungsi analitik atau limit dati fungsi ra-sional adalah fungsi analitik.
Salah satu kegunaan dari theorema Runge adalah di
pakai dalam pembuktian theorema Mittag-Leffler.
Maka akan dibahas sedikit tentang kegunaan theorema Runge t ers ebut.
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Analysis of Runge-Kutta methods using Butcher tableaus
No full textThis Bachelor thesis provides an analysis of Runge-Kutta methods using Butcher tableaus. Runge-Kutta method are numerical methods used for approximating initial value problems. A Runge-Kutta method can be classified as either an explicit or an implicit method. A special kind of implicit methods are diagonally implicit methods. The type of method can be recognised by the Butcher tableau. Using the entries of the Butcher tableau, one can compute the amplification factor of a Runge-Kutta method. The amplification factor can then be used to compute the order of the local truncation error and the stability region. Examples of these computations are given for seven methods. Furthermore, this thesis provides an algorithm to perform time steps for each of the three types of Runge-Kutta methods. Finally, in order to analyse the global truncation error of the seven methods, the algorithm to perform time steps is used with different step sizes.Applied Mathematic
Protection of the house against Chagas disease, dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis: a systematic review
No full textBlock preconditioners for fully implicit Runge-Kutta schemes applied to the Bidomain equations
No full textRecently, the authors presented different block preconditioners for implicit Runge-Kutta discretization of the heat equation. The preconditioners were block Jacobi and block Gauss-Seidel preconditoners where the blocks reused existing preconditioners for the implicit Euler discretization of the same equation. In this paper we will introduce similar block preconditioners for the implicit Runge-Kutta discretization of the Bidomain equation. We will, by numerical experiments, show the properties of the preconditoners, and that higher-order Runge-Kutta discretization of the Bidomain equation may be superior to lower-order in some cases
Building the evidence base for dengue vector control: searching for certainty in an uncertain world
No full textThis review discusses biological and chemical methods for dengue vector control, using recently emerging summary evidence, meta–analyses and systematic reviews to conclude on practical public health recommendations for Aedes control, which is increasingly relevant in an era of widespread Chikungunya, yellow feer and Zika outbreaks. The analysis follows an a priori framework of systematic reviews by the authors on vector control methods, distinguishing vector control methods into biological, chemical and environmental methods. Findings of each published systematic review by the authors, following each individual vector control method, are summarised and compared in the discussion against the findings of existing meta–analyses covering all vector control methods. Analysing nine systematic reviews and comparing to two existing meta–analyses provided low-to-moderate evidence that the control of Aedes mosquitoes can be achieved using 1) chemical methods, particularly indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated materials, and 2) biological methods, where appropriate. The level of efficacy and community effectiveness of the methods in most studies analysed is low, as was the overall assessment of study quality. Furthermore, the results show that too optimise results, larvae and adults should be targeted simultaneously. The quality of service delivery is probably one of the most important features of this analysis–and including high coverage. The analysis also highlights the urgent need for standards to guide the design and reporting of vector control studies, ensuring the validity and comparability of results. These studies should aim to include measurements of human transmission data–where and when possible
B-convergence properties of multistep Runge-Kutta methods
No full textAbstract. This paper continues earlier work by the same author concerning the stability and B-convergence properties of multistep Runge-Kutta methods for the numerical solution of nonlinear stiff initial-value problems in a Hilbert space. A series of sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for a multistep Runge-Kutta method to be algebraically stable, diagonally stable, B- or optimally B-convergent are established, by means of which six classes of high order algebraically stable and B-convergent multistep Runge-Kutta methods are constructed in a unified pattern. These methods include the class constructed by Burrage in 1987 as special case, and most of them can be regarded as extension of the Gauss, RadauIA, RadauIIA and LobattoIIIC Runge-Kutta methods. We find that the classes of multistep Runge-Kutta methods constructed in the present paper are superior in many respects to the corresponding existing one-step Runge-Kutta schemes. 1
Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta method for combustion simulation
No full textNew high order implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods have been developed and implemented into a finite volume code to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for reacting gas mixtures. The resulting nonlinear systems in each stage are solved by Newtons method. If only the chemistry is treated implicitly, the linear systems in each Newton iteration are simple and solved directly. If in addition certain convection or diffusion terms are treated implicitly as well, the sparse linear systems in each Newton iteration are solved by preconditioned GMRES. Numerical simulations of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) show the potential of the new time integration for computaional combustion
Patankar-Type Runge-Kutta Schemes for Linear PDEs
No full textWe study the local discretization error of Patankar-type Runge-Kutta methods
applied to semi-discrete PDEs. For a known two-stage Patankar-type scheme the
local error in PDE sense for linear advection or diffusion is shown to be of
the maximal order for sufficiently smooth and positive
exact solutions. However, in a test case mimicking a wetting-drying situation
as in the context of shallow-water flows, this scheme yields large errors in
the drying region. A more realistic approximation is obtained by a modification
of the Patankar approach incorporating an explicit testing stage into the
implicit trapezoidal rule
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