1,720,964 research outputs found
Resilience Across the Lifespan: A Developmental and Multisystemic Approach to Ordinary and Extraordinary Challenges.
No full textResilience science in psychology emerged in the 1970s, alongside developmental psychopathology, initially conceived as an innate individual capacity to overcome severe trauma or extraordinary adversity. Over time, this concept has evolved into an ordinary, developmental, and multisystemic process. However, research on this mainstream remains limited.
This doctoral thesis aimed to explore resilience to ordinary and extraordinary challenges across the lifespan, in line with contemporary perspectives.
In early childhood, resilience involves regulating emotions and solving problems in response to stress. The first study investigated the relationship between infants' negative affect in a stressful situation (FFSF procedure) and their problem-solving abilities, while considering the moderating role of perceived maternal social support during the peripartum period and when the child was 8-10 months old.
Within a risk-and-resilience framework, the second study examined the longitudinal associations between self-control, parental involvement, prosocial behavior, and internalizing problems from early to late adolescence.
The third and fourth studies focused on adulthood, particularly the peripartum period. The former reflected on women's challenges during this period, especially when compounded by extraordinary events like the COVID-19 pandemic. The latter examined the impact of perinatal COVID-related experiences on subsequent women’s depression and anxiety, considering factors such as long-COVID, partner support, and parental self-efficacy as potential moderators.
Overall, the doctoral project deepened our understanding of psychological resilience in response to both ordinary and extraordinary challenges, informing practice and opening new avenues for investigation.La scienza della resilienza in psicologia è emersa negli anni '70, insieme alla psicopatologia dello sviluppo. Inizialmente concepito come una capacità innata degli individui di superare traumi gravi o avversità straordinarie, il costrutto di resilienza si è evoluto col tempo ed è ora inteso come un processo ordinario, evolutivo e multisistemico. Tuttavia, la ricerca su questa prospettiva rimane ancora limitata.
Questa tesi di dottorato, abbracciando tale concettualizzazione contemporanea, ha l’obiettivo di esplorare la resilienza di fronte a sfide ordinarie e straordinarie lungo tutto l’arco della vita.
Nella prima infanzia, la resilienza può essere intesa come la capacità di regolare le emozioni e trovare soluzioni in risposta allo stress. Il primo studio ha esaminato la relazione tra negative affect espresso dagli infanti in una situazione di stress (i.e., FFSF procedure) e le loro capacità di problem-solving, insieme al potenziale ruolo moderatore del supporto sociale percepito dalle madri durante il peripartum e in seguito, quando il bambino aveva 8-10 mesi.
All'interno di un quadro di rischio e resilienza, il secondo studio ha esplorato le associazioni longitudinali tra autocontrollo, coinvolgimento genitoriale, comportamento prosociale e problemi internalizzanti dalla prima alla tarda adolescenza.
Il terzo e il quarto studio si sono focalizzati sull'età adulta, in particolare sul peripartum. Il terzo studio ha analizzato le sfide affrontate dalle donne in questo periodo particolarmente ricco di sfide, che eventi straordinari come la pandemia da COVID-19 possono ulteriormente esacerbare. Il quarto studio ha esaminato l’impatto longitudinale delle esperienze legate al COVID-19 vissute dalle donne perinatali sulla loro depressione e ansia successive, congiuntamente al potenziale ruolo moderatore di long-COVID, supporto del partner e autoefficacia genitoriale.
Nel complesso, questo progetto di dottorato offre una comprensione più approfondita della resilienza psicologica di fronte a sfide ordinarie e straordinarie, arricchendo le pratiche professionali e aprendo nuove prospettive di ricerca
Evidence of Cross‐Cultural Differences in Maternal Mind‐Mindedness
No full textCross-cultural research on maternal mind-mindedness- the proclivity to view the child as a mental agent-can enhance our understanding of caregiving determinants and children's social-cognitive variations across cultures. However, cross-cultural studies on mind-mindedness remain limited. To address this gap, we examined mothers' use of appropriate (AMRCs) and non-attuned (NAMRCs) mind-related comments in Italy (N = 88), Germany (N = 64), and the Netherlands (N = 97) with their 12-month-old infants (N = 249; 133 girls and 116 boys). Cluster analysis revealed three maternal profiles: low use of both AMRCs and NAMRCs, high use of both AMRCs and NAMRCs, and high AMRCs with low NAMRCs. Almost half of the German mothers belonged to the first profile, most Italian mothers to the second, and Dutch mothers were equally distributed across the three. These findings highlight, for the first time, cultural influences on maternal mind-mindedness within Western countries and emphasize the need to move beyond a simplistic West-East comparison, recognizing that cultural differences can be observed even within similar contexts, and call for culturally sensitive psychoeducational interventions to enhance caregivers' mentalizing skills
Distance learning in Higher Education during the first pandemic lockdown: The point of view of students with special educational needs
Full text linkThe study investigates the perspective on distance learning (DL) of a sam- ple of students with disability. Participants (N= 198; 62% females) com- pleted an online questionnaire. The results highlight that students per- ceive both advantages and barriers, which vary as a function of the type of disability. This seems to suggest that DL potentials should be evaluated in relation to the specific vulnerabilities and educational needs associated with each type of disability, which might be accomplished by adopting the Universal Design for Learning framework. Also, it may be that the impact of DL depends on the discipline as well as on the teachers’ digital competences, which can make a great difference in the quality of the on- line lesson and in the overall didactic experience of students with SEN
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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