1,720,961 research outputs found
Organized crime as a collective security problem: prospects and problems of UN enforcement
No full textThe prevailing view is that progress in integrating counter-crime initiatives into peace operations has been limited, and the UN system has taken a cautious
approach. However, if one considers the SC’s complex action against organized crime this assessment should be questioned. By analyzing the Council resolutions in the 22 years from 2000 to 2021 it is found that out of 1333 SC resolutions passed, 538 resolutions (40.4%) addressed or discussed organized crime in relation to a situational crisis or a generalized threat. And, in a significant number of cases, measures were taken under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. After discussing the role of the UN Collective security mechanism within the broader context of enforcement in international law, this article shows that the SC has been highly creative in addressing the growing convergence of criminal activity, illicit markets, and modern conflicts. Specifically, by analyzing the SC resolutions adopted under Articles 41 and 42 of the UN Charter, it argues that the Council has encouraged new approaches to the changing face of modern conflicts, and drawn sustained attention to the need to integrate crime-prevention and control initiatives into peace processes and UN operations
Defining elements and emerging legal issues of EU “sanctions”
No full textWith some 40 different types of restrictive measures in force, the European Union is undisputedly one of the major protagonists of today’s sanction regimes. Measures such as selective trade embargos, asset freezes and travel bans have been adopted by the EU not only to
implement Security Council mandated sanctions, but also in addition to (as with Iran and North Korea) or in the absence of UN action (as with Syria and Russia). Further, EU recent practice evidences that sanctions (Myanmar and Zimbabwe) have served the EU and its member states’ own interests also with the view to promoting (the European construction of) values generally shared in international society. After outlining the legal discipline and the policy framework of EU restrictive measures, the present article analyses the legal issues emerging with respect to EU sanctions over the last four years. Among these, the 2017 ruling of the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the EU in Rosneft, Brexit and its consequences on the implementation/adoption of sanctions by the United Kingdom, and recent developments
concerning the legal position of candidate countries which refused to align with the EU sanction adopted in reaction to the Ukraine crisis, are the most important
La tutela dei diritti fondamentali in Europa dopo il Trattato di Lisbona
No full textIl contributo esamina l'evoluzione del diritto comunitario, e quindi del diritto dell'Unione europea, relativamente alla tutela dei diritti fondamentali dell'individuo
Economic analysis and international law
No full textThis Oxford Bibliography entry examines scholarship employing rational choice theory, bounded rationality, and behavioral economics to analyze various problems and areas in international law. It begins by introducing key reference works and tools rationalist international legal scholars use. Subsequent sections explore the application of economic analysis to various subfields, including the sources of international law (customs and treaties), compliance and effectiveness, international dispute resolution, international organizations, international trade law, international finance law, international environmental law, and international human rights law. The entry highlights how economic analysis, particularly game theory and contract theory, has been used to understand state behavior, treaty formation, and the effectiveness of international legal norms. It also acknowledges critiques of the rational choice approach and discusses alternative perspectives, such as behavioral international law and economics
The foundations of International economic order in the age of state capitalism
No full textThe present chapter is premised on the assumption that the promotion of liberal market values is an important objective of the international economic order, but that so too is (and will be) the preservation of institutional diversity and the capacity for institutional innovation, against which it has always to be balanced. A number of different international rules may apply to state enterprises. After situating state enterprises in the contemporary international legal system looking particularly at economic relations among states, this chapter will focus on the main challenges to regulation that government influence on state enterprises’ activities poses to the two areas of international trade law and international investment law in light of their foundational principles and common subtext
The anatomy and its variants
No full textVisceral and renal artery aneurysms are rare but life-threatening pathologies. Many techniques have been proposed for their treatment, and both open surgery and endovascular strategies have proven to be safe and effective. Many specialists can be involved in the treatment of these aneurysms, from vascular surgeons to interventional radiologists, and the knowledge of every different possible approach is fundamental to offer the patient the best outcome. In this book, all the aspects of visceral and renal artery aneurysms have been widely discussed, from epidemiology and anatomical variations to surgical approaches and materials. To conclude, the authors reported a large series of case reports from different experts in order to obtain a better vision of the real-world practice on this topic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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