1,720,964 research outputs found
Rethinking recognition: social context in adult life rather than early experience shapes recognition in a social wasp
Full text linkSocial recognition represents the foundation of social living. To what extent social recognition is hard-wired by early-life experience or flexible and influenced by social context of later life stages is a crucial question in animal behaviour studies. Social insects have represented classic models to investigate the subject, and the acknowledged idea is that relevant information to create the referent template for nest-mate recognition (NMR) is usually acquired during an early sensitive period in adult life. Experimental evidence, however, highlighted that other processes may also be at work in creating the template and that such a template may be updated during adult life according to social requirements. However, currently, we lack an ad hoc experiment testing the alternative hypotheses at the basis of NMR ontogeny in social insects. Thus, to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of NMR in Polistes wasps, a model genus in recognition studies, and their different role in determining recognition abilities, we subjected Polistes dominula workers to different olfactory experiences in different phases of their life before inserting them into the social environment of a novel colony and testing them in recognition bioassays. Our results show that workers develop their NMR abilities based on their social context rather than through pre-imaginal and early learning or self-referencing. Our study demonstrates that the social context represents the major component shaping recognition abilities in a social wasp, therefore shedding new light on the ontogeny of recognition in paper wasps and prompting the reader to rethink about the traditional knowledge at the basis of the recognition in social insects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The ontogeny of nestmate recognition in ants and social wasps
No full textChez les insectes sociaux, la capacité à reconnaître les compagnons du nid des autres a évolué du fait de l’intérêt à distinguer les individus apparentés. En effet, il est avantageux que les actes de coopération soient uniquement dirigés vers les individus apparentés. La faculté de discrimination repose sur la capacité à percevoir les signaux de reconnaissance (hydrocarbures cuticulaires) d'un individu rencontré et de le comparer avec une représentation de l'odeur de sa propre colonie. L'ontogénèse de la reconnaissance des compagnons du nid et les processus d'apprentissage qui pourraient les sous-tendre ont été peu explorés jusqu’à ce jour. Il a été suggéré que les insectes sociaux apprennent l'odeur de leur colonie pendant les premières étapes de la vie adulte. L'objectif de ce travail était de rechercher les principales caractéristiques de l'ontogénèse du processus de reconnaissance avec une approche comparative, en utilisant deux modèles : les fourmis et les guêpes sociales. Nous avons montré que le mécanisme général de reconnaissance proposé pour le genre Polistes ne s'appliquait pas à la guêpe P. dominula. Nous avons étudié les mécanismes alternatifs, suggérant l'apprentissage pré-imaginal et le mécanisme d'auto-référence. Nous avons mis en évidence pour la première fois que la fourmi Aphaenogaster senilis apprenait, durant la vie larvaire, des signaux l'importance possible de processus cognitifs précédemment négligés tels que chimiques importants pour la reconnaissance. Ainsi, l’existence et la fonctionnalité de la mémoire larvaire ont été révélées chez les fourmis, élargissant nos connaissances sur les mécanismes de reconnaissance des compagnons du nid, l'apprentissage et la mémoire.In social insects the ability to recognize nestmates from non‐nestmates evolved as a result of the advantages of distinguishing related individuals. Indeed, are gained only if cooperative acts are directed towards realtives. This discrimination ability relies on the capacity of perceiving recognition cues (cuticular hydrocarbons) of an encountered individual and of comparing them with a neural representation of the own colony odour. Relatively little is known about the ontogeny of nestmate recognition, and the learning processes that might be involved. It has been suggested that social insects learn their colony odour during the early stages of adult life. The overall aim of the present work was to investigate the main features of the ontogeny of nestmate recognition process with a comparative approach, using two different models: ants and social wasps. In particular, I investigated wheter general recognition mechanism proposed for the Polistes genus applies to Polistes dominula and I found that this is not the case. I studied alternative mechanisms and provided novel insights into the ontogeny of nestmate recognition in social wasps, suggesting the possible importance of previously neglected cognitive processes, such as pre-imaginal learning and self-reference phenotype matching. In ants, I showed for the first time that Aphaenogaster senilis learn chemical cues important for adult nestmate recognition during the larval life, thus larval memory is something present and functional in ants. This result gives significant insight for the study of nestmate recognition, the mechanisms at the basis, learning and memory in ants, opening new questions concerning interesting phenomena as pre-imaginal learning
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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