1,721,073 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effects of hydration status on markers of oxidative and cellular stress during prolonged exercise in hyperthermic environments
No full textThe relationships between hyperthermia, dehydration and oxidative stress have been thoroughly studied separately within the literature both in vitro and in vivo. However, no in vivo attempts have been made to manipulate the hydration status of individuals to investigate the resulting changes in oxidative and cellular stress during and after exercise in hyperthermic conditions and what effect these changes may have on exercise performance.The purpose of the first experiment was to investigate the effects of exercise-induced dehydration with and without hyperthermia on oxidative stress. Seven healthy male trained cyclists (mean ± SD) age: 36 ± 6 yrs, height: 177.4 ± 6.5 cm, weight: 72.8 ± 7.0 kg, and power output (PO) at lactate threshold (LT): 199.3 ± 19.0 Watts (W) completed 90 min cycling exercise at 95% LT followed by a 5 km time trial (TT) in four conditions: 1) euhydration in a warm environment (EU-W, control), 2) dehydration in a warm environment (DE-W), 3) euhydration in a thermoneutral environment (EU-T), and 4) dehydration in a thermoneutral environment (DE-T) (W: 33.9 ± 0.9°C; T: 23.0 ± 1.0°C). Whole blood oxidised glutathione (GSSG) increased significantly post exercise in dehydration trials only (DE-W: p < 0.01, DE-T: p = 0.03), and while not significant, whole blood total glutathione (TGSH) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) tended to increase post exercise in dehydration trials (p = 0.08 for both). Intracellular monocyte heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) concentration was increased (p = 0.01) while intracellular lymphocyte HSP32 concentration was decreased for all trials (p = 0.02). Exercise-induced dehydration led to an increase in GSSG concentration while maintenance of euhydration attenuated these increases regardless of environmental condition. Additionally, evidence of increased cellular stress (measured via HSP) was found during all trials independent of body mass loss and environment. Finally, total distance covered during 90 min and PO during both 90 min and 5 km TT performance were reduced during only the DE-W trial, likely a result of combined cellular stress, hyperthermia and dehydration. These findings highlight the importance of fluid consumption during exercise to attenuate thermal and oxidative stress during prolonged exercise in the heat.The purpose of the second experiment was to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise-induced dehydration with and without hyperthermia on cellular and oxidative stress markers in untrained individuals, to serve as a comparison to the results of the first experimental chapter. Seven untrained male university students (mean ± SD) age: 21 ± 3 yrs, height: 181.1 ± 9.2 cm, weight: 76.8 ± 8.8 kg, and PO at LT 100.0 ± 13.0 W, who were unacclimatised to heat, participated in this study. Subjects completed the same experimental protocol as outlined in experimental chapter one, in warm (33.9 ± 1.0°C) and thermoneutral (22.9 ± 1.0°C) environments. Whole blood GSSG increased an average of 32% (p < 0.01) as a result of prolonged exercise, however unlike the trained subjects of experiment one, there was no effect of body mass loss on GSSG (p = 0.63). Similarly, intracellular monocyte HSP72 concentration increased 14% (p < 0.01) as a result of prolonged cycling regardless of body mass loss and environmental heat stress, analogous to subjects in experiment one. While there were no significant changes as a result of hydration or environment, a relationship was found between GSSG concentration and body mass loss (r2 = 0.5, p = 0.05), while HSP72 was correlated with body temperature and levels of heat storage (r2 = 0.5, p = 0.01). Similar to the trained individuals in experiment one, PO during the 90 min (7%, p < 0.01) and TT (14%, p < 0.01) were decreased while thermoregulation was impaired during DE-W only. These results demonstrate the increased level of stress in untrained subjects as a result of exercise and highlight the importance of participation in recommended physical activity to aid in positive cellular adaptations leading to superior antioxidant defences to aid in disease prevention.In light of the findings from the first experimental chapter that dehydration can significantly influence oxidative stress in trained subjects, the purpose of the third experimental chapter was to compare pre-exercise hyperhydration with plain water (W) or water with glycerol (G) to no hyperhydration (C) on markers of oxidative stress prior to and after a 90 min TT. Seven trained male cyclists and triathletes (age: 28 ± 8 yrs, height: 178.4 ± 7.8 cm, and mass: 73.2 ± 9.6 kg) covered as much distance as possible during a 90 min cycle after G, W or C. Blood was collected pre ingestion (PRE), post ingestion/pre exercise (PI), immediately post exercise (PE) and 1 hour post exercise (1HR) and analysed for whole blood TGSH, GSSG, and plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and protein carbonyls (PC). TGSH concentration increased post exercise in W and C (p < 0.01) while PC concentration increased post exercise during C only (p = 0.03). Additionally, GSSG concentration was greater PI and PE in C compared to G (p = 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively), likely due to the inferior amount of fluid retained during C compared to the G and W trials. Therefore, it appears that both pre exercise hyperhydration with ad libitum fluid ingestion during exercise is sufficient to attenuate rises in exercise-induced oxidative stress.The novel findings presented in this thesis indicate fluid ingestion plays a vital role in providing cellular protection from oxidative stress. These results suggest that individuals participating in prolonged exercise should consume adequate fluid during exercise to avoid dehydration, matching fluid intake with body mass loss. Additionally, individuals who wish to hyperhydrate prior to exercise may enhance their ability to delay dehydration and thus enhance their cellular protection from oxidative stress
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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