186,318 research outputs found
Responding to unexpected infant deaths : experience in one English region
No full textNew national procedures for responding to the unexpected death of a child in England
require a joint agency approach to investigate each death and support the bereaved
family. As part of a wider population-based study of sudden unexpected deaths in
infancy (SUDI) we evaluated the implementation of this approach.
Methods: A process evaluation using a population-based study of all unexpected
deaths from birth to 2 years in the South West of England between January 2003 and
December 2006. Local police and health professionals followed a standardised
approach to the investigation of each death, supported by the research team set up to
facilitate this joint approach as well as collect data for a wider research project.
Results: We were notified of 155/157 SUDI, with a median time to notification of 2
hours. Initial multi-agency discussions took place in 93.5% of cases. A joint home
visit by police officers with health professionals was carried out in 117 cases, 75%
within 24 hours of the death. Time to notification and interview reduced during the 4
years of the study. Autopsies were conducted on all cases, the median time to autopsy
being 3 days. At the conclusion of the investigation, a local multi-agency case
discussion was held in 88% of cases. The median time for the whole process
(including family support) was 5 months.
Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that with appropriate protocols and
support, the joint agency approach to the investigation of unexpected infant deaths
can be successfully implemented
What do serious case reviews achieve?
No full textAlthough there had been some earlier public inquiries, the inquiry into the death of 7 year old Maria Colwell in 1973[1] was a critical episode in the history of child protection in the UK. It was this inquiry that led to the formalisation of inter-agency child protection procedures, the establishment of Area Child Protection Committees, and the creation of a child protection register. It also sparked off a long line of public inquiries into serious and fatal maltreatment, more recently superseded by statutory Serious Case Reviews (SCRs) carried out by Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs). The public outcries over the deaths of Victoria Climbié and Peter Connelly highlighted the fact that, in spite of all the time and resource spent on these reviews, the problems of severe child abuse have not gone away. This begs the question of whether we have truly learnt anything from the reviews and whether anything has changed as a result
Unexpected but not unexplained : investigating a case of sudden unexpected death in infancy
No full textArikamedu et le graffito naval d'Alagankulam. V. Begley, P. Francis, Jr., I. Mahadevan, K.V. Raman, S.E. Sidebotham, Κ. W. Slane, E. Lyding Will, The Ancient Port of Arikamedu. New Excavations and Researches 1989-1992 I (Mémoires archéologiques 22) (1996)
No full textTchernia André. Arikamedu et le graffito naval d'Alagankulam. V. Begley, P. Francis, Jr., I. Mahadevan, K.V. Raman, S.E. Sidebotham, Κ. W. Slane, E. Lyding Will, The Ancient Port of Arikamedu. New Excavations and Researches 1989-1992 I (Mémoires archéologiques 22) (1996). In: Topoi, volume 8/1, 1998. pp. 447-463
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Developing effective child death review : a study of ‘early starter’ child death overview panels in England
No full textAim This qualitative study of a small number of child
death overview panels aimed to observe and describe
their experience in implementing new child death review
processes, and making prevention recommendations.
Methods Nine sites reflecting a geographic and
demographic spread were selected from Local
Safeguarding Children Boards across England. Data were
collected through a combination of questionnaires,
interviews, structured observations, and evaluation of
documents. Data were subjected to qualitative analysis.
Results Data analysis revealed a number of themes
within two overarching domains: the systems and
structures in place to support the process; and the
process and function of the panels. The data emphasised
the importance of child death review being
a multidisciplinary process involving senior professionals;
that the process was resource and time intensive; that
effective review requires both quantitative and
qualitative information, and is best achieved through
a structured analytic framework; and that the focus
should be on learning lessons, not on trying to apportion
blame. In 17 of the 24 cases discussed by the panels,
issues were raised that may have indicated preventable
factors. A number of examples of recommendations
relating to injury prevention were observed including
public awareness campaigns, community safety
initiatives, training of professionals, development of
protocols, and lobbying of politicians.
Conclusions The results of this study have helped to
inform the subsequent establishment of child death
overview panels across England. To operate effectively,
panels need a clear remit and purpose, robust structures
and processes, and committed personnel. A multiagency
approach contributes to a broader understanding
of and response to children’s deaths
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Patterns of child death in England and Wales
No full textIn the past century, child mortality has fallen to very low rates in all developed countries. However, rates between and within countries vary widely, and factors can be identified that could be modified to reduce the risk of future deaths. An understanding of the nature and patterns of child death and of the factors contributing to child deaths is essential to drive preventive initiatives. We discuss the epidemiology of child deaths in England and Wales. We use available data, particularly that of death registration and other available datasets, and published literature to emphasise issues relevant to reduction of child deaths in developed countries. We examine the different patterns of mortality at different ages in five broad categories of death: perinatal causes, congenital abnormalities, acquired natural causes, external causes, and unexplained deaths. For each category, we explore what is known about the main causes of death and some of the contributory factors. We then explain how this knowledge might be used to help to drive prevention initiatives
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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