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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Future water quality challenges to aquaculture and influences on product safety
No full textConcerns about water quantity and quality are increasing due to climate change and population growth. Climate change is driving changes in evapotranspiration and precipitation patterns. This is exacerbated as population growth, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, increases water extraction and consumption. After human consumption, water is treated and discharged to the environment, but generally at lower quality than what was originally extracted. This could cause trouble for consumers of surface waters. One such consumer is the aquaculture industry, which is growing to support human protein consumption demands, while depending on surface water.Aquaculture is growing both globally and within the U.S. (worldwide 9.2% yr-11990-2000 & 6.2% yr-12000-2012). Freshwater aquaculture in the U.S. is largely dependent on surface water (80.78%) compared to ground water sources (19.32%). Surface water sources are increasingly dominated or dependent on treated wastewater effluent, potentially influencing downstream uses. Wastewater effluent generally contains trace levels of anthropogenic compounds, typically referred to as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), for which our knowledge of their impacts is still evolving. Therefore, the introduction of CEC in aquaculture from surface waters influenced by wastewater effluent is a potential concern for cultured fish health as well as for humans when consuming farmed fish. Studies were conducted to improve our understanding of future water resource quality and quantity in relation to the aquaculture industry and safety of farmed fish. Initially, wastewater effluent data was collected (e.g., USGS), consolidated, and analyzed (e.g., GIS) to understand its influence on surface water quantity and quality, which was utilized to project potential future water quality and quantity scenarios in the USA and its potential effect on aquaculture. This was followed by laboratory-based studies to quantify the bioaccumulation and depuration in tilapia of diltiazem, an ionizable calcium channel blocker, and GenX, a perfluorinated compound, at environmentally relevant concentrations. To broadly examine the extent of U.S. surface waters to dilute wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, data from wastewater discharge and surface flow from 2007-2017 was used to calculate a WWTP wastewater dilution factor (WWDF) within United Sates Geological Society (USGS) hydrologic unit code (HUC). A WWDF less than 10 indicates poor quality water when classified on <1 to >100 DF scale. The 4 HUCs with the lowest WWDF (i.e., <2) were located in the West or Southwest U.S. and were among the 10 HUCs with the highest proportional population growth from 2010-2016, with similar projections for the future. To identify the end water user impact, U.S. aquaculture farm area with WWDF < 2 was mapped. It was quantified at ~ 2.71% of total freshwater area, out of which 69% and 44% of the area was occupied by aquaculture farms with 100-and 1000-acre areas, respectively. Water availability for the contiguous U.S. was estimated for each HUC during 2015 using a model developed from the earlier analysis of water quantity and quality in the U.S. The Mississippi River generally served as a dividing line for surface water availability, with five of the six HUC regions with very low water availability (<24,000 L/D/Km2) residing in the west. These same areas also experience more drought as well as more severe droughts than regions in the east. In regions with lower surface water flows, water quality is more susceptible to the influence of wastewater effluent discharge, especially near large and growing population centers like San Antonio, Texas. A prediction model was established for this city, which found that from 2009-2017 wastewater effluent increased by 1.8%.
Diltiazem(DTZ)bioconcentrationanddepurationintilapiawasexaminedusingacontrolledtimesequence(maxtime=96hr)exposure(1μgL-1)andnon-exposure(maxtime=96hr)infreshwater.Fishcarcass,bloodplasma,liver,andmusclewereanalyzedinbothexposureanddepurationphases.Diltiazembioconcentrationwasgreatestinliver>plasma>carcass>muscle.Depurationratesweregreatestforliver>carcass>plasma>muscle.Thebiologicalhalf-life(t1/2)indicatesthatDTZtookthelongesttodepuratefrommuscleandleastfromtheliver,whichissimilarforthestablebioconcentrationfactor(BCFa)valueorder.Thet1/2ofDTZintilapiamusclewas18.8hrs,indicatingthecompoundisprocessedrelativelyquickly.Basedonthe96hrDTZuptakebytilapiafingerlingsinthisstudy,humanexposuretothehighestDTZmuscleconcentrationwouldbe~6ordersofmagnitudebelowthelowestdailyhumantherapeutic(120ppb)dose,resultinginverylowhumanexposure.
GenX (ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy))bioconcentrationanddepurationintilapiawasexaminedusingacontrolledtimesequence(maxtime=96hr)exposure(1μgL-1)andnon-exposure(maxtime=96hr)infreshwaterandbrackishwater(16ppt).GenXbioconcentration (BCFa) was greatest in plasma > liver > carcass > muscle, with higher distribution in liver compared to carcass and muscle. Bioconcentration in all tissues examined increased with increasing salinity, raising concern for euryhaline organisms. Muscle was found to have the highest t1/2followed by carcass, plasma, and liver. The rate of uptake and depuration was affected bysalinity. Fish muscle (fillet) GenX concentration at 96 hrs at 0 ppt was 0.14 ppb whereas at 16 ppt it was 0.312 ppb. Therefore, a fillet serving size of ~3.5 oz (100 g) would contain 14.0 μg GenX from freshwaterfish and 31.2 μg GenX from saltwater (16 ppt) fish. This would result in a single serving exposing a person to more than the subchronic oral reference dose of 0.2 ppb as recommended by U.S. EPA.
Water quality is a growing concern along with changing climate and increasing population. The projections and improved bioaccumulation models for farmed fish from this research will provide aquaculturists with knowledge to make pro-active management decisions regarding water quality in the future, while improving our general understanding of human exposure to CEC from nontraditional water use. It also helps to understand environmental exposure and ecological impacts of pharmaceuticals and other industrial chemicals for sustainable management of environmental quality, particularly in urbanizing ecosystems.Physical and Environmental SciencesCollege of Science and Engineerin
The Effects of Metals and Ocean Acidification on Marine Invertebrates
Get PDFIncreasing use of metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) by various industries has resulted in substantial contributions of NP in aquatic systems. Additionally, ocean acidification (OA) is a growing concern due to its deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. The effects of OA and metal pollution on non-calcifying marine organisms are largely unknown. This research investigated the effects of copper oxide (CuO) NP on the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida, for 21 days. Sea anemones were measured for tissue copper accumulation as well as the activity of the enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and carbonic anhydrase (CA). This study is useful in discerning the differences between CuO NP and dissolved copper exposure to sea anemones, as differences in copper accumulation pattern and enzymatic response were observed. In addition, we examined physiological effects of the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida after exposure to a global stressor, CO2, and a local stressor, Cu, over 7 days. Cu accumulated in E. pallida in a concentration-dependent manner and activities of all anti-oxidant enzymes measured (CAT, GPx, GR) increased, with increasing Cu exposure. However, clear differences in only GR and to some degree GPx activity were observed due to increasing CO2 exposure alone. Interactions between the two independent variables were also observed. Activity of the enzyme, CA, was significantly decreased with increasing Cu and the extent of CA inhibition was lessened with increasing CO2. These results provide insight into toxic mechanisms of CuCl2, CuO NP and CO2 exposure to E. pallida.I. COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED COPPER AND COPPER OXIDE
NANOPARTICLE EXPOSURE TO THE SEA ANEMONE, EXAIPTASIA PALLIDA
Introduction - 1 | Material and Methods - 3 | Results - 7 | Discussion and Conclusion - 11 | II. RESPONSES OF THE SEA ANEMONE, EXAIPTASIA PALLIDA, TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION CONDITIONS AND COPPER EXPOSURE Introduction - 21 | Material and Methods - 23 | Results - 27 | Discussion and Conclusion - 30 | III. CONCLUSION AND OVERALL IMPLICATIONS - 43 | REFERENCES - 44 |Bielmyer-Fraser, Gretchen K.Grove, Theresa J.Goddard, Russell H.M.S.Biolog
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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