1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Comparing Vitamin C and Vitamin E in Improving the Photostability of a Retinol Serum Exposed to Heat Degradation
Get PDFRetinol, a form of Vitamin A, is a popular ingredient in skincare products for its anti-aging effects. However, in most cosmetic formulations, retinol destabilizes quickly, due to exposure to heat, light, oxygen and pH. To combat retinol degradation, many preservatives have been examined, including antioxidants like Vitamin C and E. Still, studies investigating the supplementation of Vitamin C and E in retinol formulations have mostly focused on stabilizing retinol against UV light alone and have yet to explore the effects of adding these vitamins on other stressors, such as heat. The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and a combination of both on improving a retinol serum’s photostability when exposed to heat. It was hypothesized that adding both Vitamin C and E to the retinol serum before heat degradation would most effectively improve the retinol’s photostability, because both vitamins are lipid-soluble, exhibit antioxidative properties, and work synergistically to improve stability. Two control groups were made: retinol with no heat or vitamins, and retinol with heat and no vitamins. Three experimental groups were made, all of which were heat degraded: retinol and Vitamin C, retinol and Vitamin E, and retinol with both vitamins. Four of the groups were placed in a drying oven for 20 days at ~65 ℃. The UVA intensity (mW/m2) of the UVA light of each mixture was measured using a UVA Sensor. The results of a one-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) suggest there were significant differences between the control groups and each of the experimental groups, (ANOVA[F(4,295) = 30.709, p \u3c 0.001]). A post-hoc Tukey test found significant differences between the two control groups, the first control and all experimental groups, the second control and all experimental, and between each experimental group except for Vitamin E vs. Vitamin C and E
Comparing Vitamin C and Vitamin E in Improving the Photostability of a Retinol Serum Exposed to Heat Degradation
No full textRetinol, a fat-soluble form of Vitamin A, is a popular ingredient in commercial skincare products for its anti-aging effects. However, in most cosmetic formulations, retinol becomes unstable quickly, due to exposure to heat, light, oxygen and even pH. To combat the degradation of retinol, many preservatives have been experimented with, including antioxidants like Vitamin C and E. Still, studies investigating the supplementation of Vitamin C and E in retinol formulations have mostly focused on stabilizing retinol against UV light alone, and have yet to explore the effects of adding these vitamins on other common stressors, such as high heat. The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and a combination of both on improving a retinol serum’s photostability when exposed to heat. It was hypothesized that adding both Vitamin C and E to the retinol serum before heat degradation would most effectively improve the retinol’s photostability, due to the fact that both vitamins are lipid-soluble, exhibit antioxidative properties, and work synergistically to improve chemical stability. Two control groups were made: retinol with no heat or vitamins, and retinol with heat and no vitamins. Three experimental groups were made, all of which were heat degraded: retinol and Vitamin C, retinol and Vitamin E, and retinol with both vitamins. Four of the groups were placed in a drying oven for 20 days at ~65 ℃. Using a UVA lamp and UVA sensor, the UVA intensity (mW/m2) of the UVA light as it passed through each mixture was measured. The results of a one-way ANOVA test (�� = 0.05) suggest there were significant differences between the control groups and each of the experimental groups, (ANOVA[F(4,295) = 30.709, p \u3c 0.001]). A post-hoc Tukey test found significant differences between the two control groups, the first control and all experimental groups, the second control and all experimental, and between each experimental group except for Vitamin E vs. Vitamin C and E
The Effect of the Addition of Carrot Seed Oil and Raspberry Seed Oil on the UV Intensity of a Sunscreen
Get PDFWith continuous developments in research indicating the potential health risks of chemical sunscreen filters, the novel approach of incorporating natural oils with UV light blocking properties has been explored. Natural oils extracted from fruit and vegetables have been proven to possess photoprotective properties, but their effectiveness in combination with synthetic sunscreen filters has not been as thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of carrot and raspberry seed oil to an SPF 30 sunscreen would decrease the UV intensity of UVB light passing through the sunscreen and oil mixture. It was hypothesized that if both carrot seed oil and raspberry seed oil were added to a sunscreen, then the UV intensities would be lower for the sunscreen mixtures with carrot and raspberry seed oil compared to the mixture without each oil, because these oils contain high concentrations of anti-aging polyphenols. Three different sunscreen mixtures were made: one with no oils added, one with raspberry seed oil, and one with carrot seed oil. Using a UVB light and UV sensor, the UV intensity (mW/m2) of the UVB light as it passed through each mixture was measured. The results of a one-way ANOVA test with an alpha value of 0.05 suggest there were significant differences between the control group and each of the two experimental groups, (ANOVA[F(2, 135) = 222.95, p \u3c 0.001]). Thus, it was concluded that there was sufficient evidence to suggest that there was a difference in UV intensity between the mixture without oils and the two individual mixtures with the oils
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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