1,721,138 research outputs found
People and places: understanding geographical accuracy in administrative data from the census and healthcare systems
No full textAdministrative systems such as health care registration are of increasing importance in providing information for statistical, research, and policy purposes. There is thus a pressing need to understand better the detailed relationship between population characteristics as recorded in such systems and conventional censuses. This paper explores these issues using the unique Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS). It takes the 2001 Census enumeration as a benchmark and analyses the social, demographic and spatial patterns of mismatch with the health register at individual level. Descriptive comparison is followed by multivariate and multilevel analyses which show that approximately 25% of individuals are reported to be in different addresses and that age, rurality, education, and housing type are all important factors. This level of mismatch appears to be maintained over time, as earlier migrants who update their address details are replaced by others who have not yet done so. In some cases, apparent mismatches seem likely to reflect complex multi-address living arrangements rather than data error
Sweden: internal migration in a high-migration Nordic country
No full textSweden was historically, and remains, a high-migration country. The chapter considers its experience using the census and population register data that are available for the analysis of migration over long historical periods, assessing their strengths and weaknesses. It then outlines levels of inter-parish moves from 1900 to 2015 as well as moves over shorter distances from the 1970s. The former oscillate around a stable level although with minor peaks in the 1930s, immediately after WWII, and to a lesser extent around 1970, possibly related to economic conditions and labour demand. After a trough in the 1980s, migration rates have since increased. An analysis of change in migration rates between the early 1990s and early 2000s using register data suggests that ageing has depressed all address-changing rates and has not been fully counteracted by changes in population composition by marital status and education levels that have moved people into more mobile groups. At the same time, people in each demographic sub-group tended to become more migratory. For longer-distance moves, increased education has had a positive effect on migration rate but again group-specific rates have also increased. It is suggested that this is a result of the expansion of higher education, the centralisation of services and jobs in the ʼnew economy’ and the welfare regime that reduces the risks in moving
Administrative data quality: Investigating record-level address accuracy in the Northern Ireland Health Register
No full textMany national statistical institutes (NSIs) are seeking to supplement or replace their traditional population census with a methodology underpinned by administrative sources. Health service register data are key in this regard owing to their high population coverage; it is therefore important to improve understanding of data quality in this administrative source. This study investigated the factors associated with record-level address data mismatch between the Northern Ireland (NI) Health Card Registration System (HCRS) and the 2011 Census, using the NI Longitudinal Study (NILS). Address information in the form of anonymised Unique Property Reference Number (XUPRN) was available for circa 334,000 NILS members with census returns in 2001 and 2011, which provided a benchmark to assess XUPRN accuracy in their linked HCRS record for comparable time points. Multinomial logistic regression revealed a significantly greater likelihood of address mismatch in the HCRS for: males; young adults; individuals with no limiting long-term illness; migrants in the year prior to each census; and residents of communal establishments. Identification of population groups affected by poor quality address information in administrative sources can assist NSIs with the development and implementation of methodological improvements to ensure that official population statistics generated from these sources are fit for purpose.</p
Evaluation of gridded population models using 2001 Northern Ireland Census data
No full textThere is growing interest in the use of gridded population models which potentially offer advantages of stability through time and ease of integration with nonpopulation data sources. This paper assesses the accuracy of models of the type introduced by Martin in 1989. Population counts for census output areas (OAs) are reallocated to a 100 m grid and then compared with true 100 m cell population counts uniquely available from the 2001 Northern Ireland Census. This analysis is novel, being the first large-scale assessment of gridded population models against true gridded population counts. We find evidence that kernel width and cell size are more important than the distance-decay parameter; that local mass preservation approaches are more appropriate in urban areas; but that the spatial scale of input data is more important than model parameters. It is suggested that more attention needs to be given to the varying spatial structures of population between places and that incorporating this information through geostatistical approaches could yield further insights. <br/
Exploring the implications of changing census output geographies for the measurement of residential segregation: the example of Northern Ireland 1991-2001
No full textOne problem in analysing social and demographic change through time using census data arises from differences between censuses in the size and shape of the geographical units used to output data. Failure to correct for changing output geographies may lead to unknown and possibly large biases when comparing different censuses. The paper addresses this issue using the example of residential segregation in Northern Ireland (NI). It has two main objectives. Firstly, by recompiling 2001 NI census data on 1991 census output geographies it assesses the sensitivity of indices of residential segregation to these changes in geographical units. Secondly, it suggests a method by which census analysts can assess how sensitive their results are to changing output geographies when they are unable to correct for these changes and must work with the data ‘as they are’. A subsidiary aim is to contribute to the evidence base on residential segregation in NI. The paper finds that indices of residential segregation are insensitive to changes in output geographies between 1991 and 2001. The reason suggested for this is that the units in each zonal geography are smaller than the spatial scale over which population counts are positively autocorrelated. The use of spatially-weighted segregation indices is advanced as a generalisable means of learning about the geographical patterning of population in different censuses. It is argued that these insights combined with knowledge of the size of geographical units used in each census can help researchers elsewhere judge how sensitive their results might be changing census output geographies through time
Conclusions and reflections
No full textThe chapter attempts to summarise the case-study chapters and to answer the broad question set out as the topic for the book: is the migration decline seen in the USA something observed across all high-income countries? The conclusion is that, although there is a tendency towards similar declines across the case studies, the divergent experiences of Sweden and Germany mean that a migration decline cannot be automatically ‘read off’ from stage of development. Despite this, there are common experiences of ageing, delayed life events, higher education growth, restrictions in the housing market and economic restructuring that can be related to migration decreases in more than one country. At the same time, national context is important as also is whether the country is historically high- or low- migration. The chapter goes on to identify areas for future work, including: collecting more and better data, more comparative work across a wider selection of countries, a greater focus on technological change, deeper analysis of the links between address-changing and the life course and the consideration of internal migration in the context of other forms of spatial mobility.</p
Studying internal migration in a cross-national context
No full textThis chapter makes the case for international comparative research on internal migration and goes on to highlight some of the methodological problems faced in doing this. These include different temporal coverages of national internal migration data series, different migration definitions (as events or transitions), varying population coverage and changes in the size and shape of the spatial units between which people are counted as moving. It then considers the various ways of overcoming these problems. These include creating consistent geographical units, modelling missing data and creating and using robust migration measures. It is argued that internal migration data should be collected that is consistent through time (and between countries) and that address-changing over a defined period is a good measure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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