945 research outputs found
Energy Content of Co-Products for Pigs and Poultry
No full textKerr, Brian J.; Shurson, Gerald C.; Dozier, William A.. (2013). Energy Content of Co-Products for Pigs and Poultry. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/204376
Miao-Yao
No full textExamination of the Maio-Yao language familyEthnic groups of mainland Southeast Asia, Frank M. LeBar, Gerald C. Hickey and John K. Musgrave.
New Haven, Human Relations Area Files Press, 1964, 63-81
Gerald Nelson discusses article "Do roads cause deforestation?"
No full textIFPRI Senior Researcher, Gerald Nelson, discusses the article, "Do roads cause deforestation." On July 25, 2011, Nelson and co-author, Daniel Hellerstein, were honored by the AAEA with the Publication of Enduring Quality Award for this innovative 1997 publication on techniques for turning satellite imagery into economic data
Database of Nutrient Composition of Animal Protein Meals
No full textThese data are the result of analyzes conducted on 220 samples of animal by-products meals such as meat and bone meal, meat meal, chicken by-product, chicken meal, among others. The database allows animal nutritionists to compare and evaluate nutrient and energy concentration among sources of ingredients and among ingredients.An industry survey and an animal experiment were conducted to evaluate compositional variability and DE and ME content of animal protein by-products, and to generate equations to predict DE and ME content based on chemical analysis. For the 220 samples collected, the greatest concentration of CP was observed in blood meal (BM) and least in meat and bone meal (MBM), the greatest concentration of ether extract (EE) was in meat meal and least in BM, with ash content greatest in MBM and least in BM; with Ca and P levels being 36.1 and 16.3% of the ash content, respectively. For the balance experiment, a corn-soybean meal basal diet was used with test diets formulated by mixing 80% of the basal diet with 20% of the animal protein by-product, except for BM which was included at 10 and 20% of the test diets. Ten groups of 24 gilts (final BW = 92.5 ± 7.4 kg) were used, with gilts randomly assigned to the test or the basal diet within each group, resulting in 16 replications per animal protein by-product or basal diet, except for BM determinations (20 replications). Gilts were placed in metabolism crates and offered 2.4 kg daily of their assigned diet for 13 d, with total collection of feces and urine during the last 4 d. Gross energy was determined in the diets, feces, and urine to calculate DE and ME content of each ingredient by the difference procedure, using DE and ME content of the basal diet as covariates among groups of pigs. The DE content of the animal protein by-products ranged from 5,367 to 2,567 kcal DE/kg of DM, and ME ranged from 4,783 to 2,340 kcal ME/kg DM. Using all animal protein by-products, the best fit equations were as follows: DE, kcal/kg DM = -2,468 + (1.26 × GE, kcal/kg DM), with R2 of 0.84, SE = 390, and P < 0.01; ME, kcal/kg DM = -2,331 + (1.15 × GE, kcal/kg DM), with R2 of 0.86, SE = 327, and P < 0.01). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P were also determined using the difference procedure, with the average ATTD of Ca and P for the animal protein by-products, excluding BM and FM, being 27.1 and 39.1%, respectively. These data indicate that DE and ME varied substantially among the animal protein by-products and sources, and that a variety of nutritional components can be used to accurately predict DE and ME for finishing pigs. In addition, it appears that high dietary inclusion rates of animal protein by-products may result in low ATTD estimates of Ca and P, which may be due to excessive concentrations of total Ca and P affecting digestibility.This project was financially supported by the National Pork BoardUrriola, Pedro E; Kerr, Brian J; Jha, Rajesh; Shurson, Gerald C. (2017). Database of Nutrient Composition of Animal Protein Meals. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D6759Q
Lu People
No full textArticle describing the Lu people living along the Mekong River.Section from the Ethnic groups of mainland Southeast Asia /Frank M LeBar; Gerald Cannon
Hickey; John K Musgrave. New Haven : Human Relations Area Files
Press, 1964, 206-213
Guidelines for developing a risk-based plan to mitigate virus transmission from imported feed ingredients
No full textThere is increasing concern regarding the risk of swine disease transmission via feed ingredients, whether imported or domestically produced. This risk may be reduced in the feed ingredient supply chain by identifying and implementing preventive controls (supply chain, sanitation, transportation, and process) at different steps of the chain. The objective of this study was to develop a practical guide to help feed ingredient suppliers and buyers to safely manufacture, package, transport, and use feed ingredients in swine feeding programs. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) provides the basis of this study because these regulations require proactive risk-based preventive control processes that are applied in the food supply chain to prevent or reduce the risk of hazards from being present in the final product. Using this conceptual framework, implementation of preventive controls in the feed production chain can control or decrease the potential introduction of foreign animal viruses through feed ingredients into the U.S. A decision tree was developed as a first step in identifying preventive controls and potential high-risk feed ingredient sourcing scenarios. A case-study using Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) and the corresponding decision tree was developed as an illustration on how to use this new approach. Although this approach is based on swine viral diseases, it can serve as a template for other pathogenic viruses and species.Swine Health Information Center, Ames, IASchettino, Daniella N; van de Ligt, Jennifer LG; Sampedro, Fernando; Shurson, Gerald C; Urriola, Pedro E. (2019). Guidelines for developing a risk-based plan to mitigate virus transmission from imported feed ingredients. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/220188
Understanding the vitamin supply chain and relative risk of transmission of foreign animal diseases
No full textThe U.S. pork industry is dependent on vitamins manufactured in China because there are limited, and in some cases, there are no other country of origin options to meet industry volume demands. Initial studies have provided evidence that the African Swine Fever virus (ASFv) can survive in choline chloride, but not vitamin D3. However, it is unknown if this virus can survive in other vitamins. The risk of ASFv or other Foreign Animal Diseases (FAD) being introduced from China into the U.S. through vitamin imports appears to be low, but the impact of introduction is high. Vitamin manufacturing involves many highly technical chemical or fermentation processes that utilize commonly accepted quality control certification schemes and sanitary processes to meet human food grade, and often pharmaceutical standards in the U.S. and E.U. Although gelatin used in manufacturing vitamin A and D3 originates from pigskin, there appears to be sufficient thermal treatments used in extracting, concentrating, and sterilizing gelatin to inactivate pathogens. Some vitamin suppliers visit and audit corn cob suppliers for choline chloride production to verify that there is a killing step in corn cob carrier production. Only clean, unused, sealed containers and materials (e.g. pallets) are used for packaging and transporting vitamins to the U.S., usually under hazardous materials shipping standards due to high purity. All damaged containers and packages containing vitamins during transport are destroyed and not used in manufacturing swine feeds. Once purified vitamins arrive in the U.S., they are distributed to U.S. vitamin premix manufacturers for blending with carriers. Only carriers produced in North America are used by the U.S. vitamin premix manufacturers to minimize the risk of cross-contamination. However, there are a few unconventional brokers and traders that may import vitamins from China and market them using limited if any biosecurity and quality assurance control procedures. Obtaining vitamins and premixes from these entities increases the risk of ASFv introduction. Pork producers are responsible for selecting reputable suppliers of all feed ingredients by asking appropriate questions to avoid potential suppliers that do not follow standards of feed safety. Vitamins are unique compared to other feed ingredients because they are sensitive to high heat treatment and pH, which can substantially reduce their nutritional value if these types of virus mitigation treatments are applied.Swine Health Information Center, Ames, IAShurson, Gerald C; Urriola, Pedro E. (2019). Understanding the vitamin supply chain and relative risk of transmission of foreign animal diseases. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/220189
“What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises?
No full textFood waste has been a major barrier to achieving global food security and environmental sustainability for many decades. Unfortunately, food waste has become an even bigger problem in many countries because of supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and African Swine Fever epidemic. Although Japan and South Korea have been leaders in recycling food waste into animal feed, countries that produce much greater amounts of food waste, such as the United States and the European Union, have lagged far behind. Concerns about the risk of transmission of bacteria, prions, parasites, and viruses have been the main obstacles limiting the recycling of food waste streams containing animal-derived tissues into animal feed and have led to government regulations restricting this practice in the U.S. and EU. However, adequate thermal processing is effective for inactivating all biological agents of concern, perhaps except for prions from infected ruminant tissues. The tremendous opportunity for nitrogen and phosphorus resource recovery along with several other environmental benefits from recycling food waste streams and rendered animal by-products into animal feed have not been fully appreciated for their substantial contribution toward solving our climate crisis. It is time to revisit our global approach to improving economic and environmental sustainability by more efficiently utilizing the abundant supply of food waste and animal tissues to a greater extent in animal feed while protecting human and animal health in food animal production systems
ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF ETHANOL BY-PRODUCTS
No full textPaper and PowerPoint Presentatio
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