421 research outputs found
Fungal metabolites as a natural source of herbicide: a novel approach of weed management: Ajay Kumar Singh* and Akhilesh Kumar Pandey Mycological Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Science Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur-482001, Madhya Pradesh. India *Corresponding Author: Dr Ajay Kumar Singh [email protected]
No full textWeeds are undesirable vegetation directly or indirectly inferring with human welfare. Conventional methods of weed control have failed due to one or other reason. Herbicide-resistant weeds are the main problem in weed control due to the number of weed biotypes resistant to herbicides that constantly increases by the continuous use of the same products for years. Development of alternative weed control methods is needed to help decrease reliance on herbicide use. Biological weed control is an alternative option for weed problems, particularly in agriculture and forestry. It is based on the use of natural enemies, particularly insects and pathogens to control weeds, as a sustainable, low cost and more environmentally acceptable method of weed control. One of the approaches to biological weed control using fungal phytotoxin applied in similar ways to conventional herbicides. Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of fungal phytotoxin as a lucrative, novel source of secondary phytotoxic herbicidal compounds for management of broad spectrum, noxious and pernicious weeds
Hand-geometry recognition using entropy-based discretization
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Ajay Kumar2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
Breast Cancer Recurrence Prediction Model Using Machine Learning Technique:State of the Art, Challenges and Future Direction
No full textNowadays, the most common type of cancer in women worldwide is Breast Cancer (BC). BC may be detected at early stage itself using Mammograms, probably before it's spread. Recurrent BC could occur months or years after initial treatment. Cancer may occur in the same place or spread to different areas due to local or distant recurrence. Early-stage treatment is done not only to cure BC but additionally facilitate in preventing its recurrence/ repetition. In predicting the early stage of BC, a machine learning (ML) technique has been used by most of the researcher. so, the present study we focus on a review of different ML techniques which predicts the recurrence of BC and identified the issues over the past decades. Also summarized the obtained results by the researcher for evaluating their predictive model performance. The study scope, results, merits, and demerits of earlier studies have been discussed. Later, gives deep insights of learning technique and then recommended a possible solution for further improvement for BC recurrence prediction
Anarchy and Atonement: Tracing the Evolution of the Self in Gregory David Roberts\u27 Shantaram
No full textMan is a composite of good and evil; occasionally, both aspects of his personality dominate one after the other. The man keeps on oscillating between these two, and for this, sometimes he falls into the abyss of failure and remorse due to his wrongdoings and sometimes reaches to the apex of goodness and reaps the benefits of his positive deeds. These dualities or binary oppositions have existed in man since the advent of human civilization. Human beings gyrate in these two oppositions as per the call of their instincts. In this paper, we shall analyse a fictional work, Shantaram, by an Australian author, Gregory David Roberts. We will trace the theme of how human goodness can be awakened through love and understanding in the novel through the character Lin Shantaram. Lindsay or Lin undergoes the trials and travails of life due to his lawlessness in the initial phase of his life and later strives hard for the path of goodness. In this course, the repercussions of his evil deeds take a toll on him, but he is not disheartened and keeps striving for a better version of himself. In this paper, I will present the life saga of the protagonist, Lin Shantaram, through the trials and tribulations of his wrongdoings and his evolution as a better man, designating peace and calmness in society
Cost variation among anxiolytic drugs
No full textBackground: Indian pharmaceuticals market stands third and thirteenth largest in terms of value and volume in the Global Pharmaceutical Industry respectively. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental illnesses affecting more than 15% of the population at some point in their life span. Treatment of anxiety disorders usually follows a long term treatment. Cost of the treatment is an important factor determining the adherence to the treatment.Methods: Data relevant to various brands of anxiolytic drug available in the Indian market particular drug obtained from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” (CIMS) October 2017 - January 2018 was used to calculate the cost ratio and percentage cost variation.Results: There are 16 anxiolytic drugs in the form of 44 different formulations and 384 brands available in the Indian market. Among anxiolytic drugs, highest cost ratio and percent cost variation is for diazepam 5mg, followed by alprazolam 1mg and hydroxyzine 10mg. Highest number of brands of anxiolytic drugs available in Indian market are for clonazepam 0.5mg followed by alprazolam 0.5mg and escitalopram 10mg.Conclusions: In Indian market, there is availability of large number of brands with wide and variable cost variations among the various brands of the anxiolytic drugs.</jats:p
Cost analysis of antipsychotic drugs available in India
No full textBackground: Indian drug market has large numbers of branded formulations for every drug molecule. 1 Cost-sensitive healthcare environment has created a challenging workplace for clinicians. Efficient use of healthcare resources without compromising quality of patient care has been a challenging task for healthcare professionals. There is a wide range of variation in the prices of drugs marketed in India. Thus, a study was planned to analyse out cost variations of antiepileptic drugs available in Indian market.Methods: Minimum and maximum costs in Rupees (INR) of different brands of same generic antipsychotic drugs, in the same strength and dosage forms were compared. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were calculated for each generic antipsychotic drug. The number of formulations for antipsychotic drugs and number of brands for each of them were also taken into consideration.Results: This study shows that in Indian market, there are wide variations in the prices of different brands of same generic antipsychotic drug. The highest cost ratio and percent cost variation was found for risperidone 2 mg [(1:16.27) and 1527.48], followed by risperidone 4 mg [(1:16.25) and 1525.25], risperidone 3 mg [(1:15.67) and 1467.33], risperidone 1 mg [(1:14.86) and 1386.78], olanzapine 10 mg [(1:12.36) and 1136.84], and olanzapine 5 mg [(1:12.31) and 1130.76]. Highest number of brands of antipsychotic drug available in Indian market are for divalproex sodium 500mg(25) followed by olanzapine 15 mg(23), olanzapine 5 mg(23), olanzapine 2.5mg(14), and risperidone 1 mg (14). Highest numbers of formulations of antipsychotic drug available in Indian market are for olanzapine(06), quetiapine(05), haloperidol(05), and aripiprazole(05).Conclusions: In Indian market, the average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antipsychotic drugs is very wide. Treatment with antipsychotic drugs usually has a long course with treatment adherence being a crucial factor for successful treatment. Improved adherence to the drug treatment can be ensured by decreasing the cost of therapy. Decreased drug cost expenditure can be ensured by changes in the government policies and regulations, integrating pharmacoeconomics as part of medical education curriculum, and creating awareness among treating physicians for switching to cost effective therapy.</jats:p
Dynamics behavior of solitons based on exact solutions for the mathematical model arising in telecommunications
No full textIn this paper, the Jimbo–Miwa equation (JME) is a prominent integrable nonlinear partial differential equation within the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy, widely studied for its applications in soliton theory and mathematical physics. This work explores the extension of the standard (2+1)-dimensional JME to a (3+1)-dimensional form, incorporating an additional spatial dimension to model more complex physical phenomena. The extended (3+1)-dimensional JME retains the integrability properties of the original equation, admitting exact solutions such as solitons and multi-soliton solutions. Analytical methods such as the sine-Gordon expansion method and the traveling wave are employed to construct exact solutions. This study highlights the significance of the (3+1)-dimensional JME in advancing our understanding of nonlinear dynamics in higher-dimensional systems, with potential applications in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and other fields
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