264,412 research outputs found
Recall of two visual targets embedded in RSVP streams of distractors depends on their temporal and spatial relationship
No full textIn the present study, I examined how the temporal and spatial relationship between two visual targets (T1 and T2) affects the recall of both targets when they are embedded in rapidly displayed distractors. Presented on a trial were two synchronized streams of characters, one to the left and the other to the right of the fixation. Independent of their spatial relationship, a U-shaped curve described the recall of the second target (T2) as a function of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between T1 and T2. It indicated the presence of the attentional blink with a T2 deficit sparing up to about 150- to 200-msec SOA. However, T2 deficit was greater at short SOAs (up to about 250 msec) when T1 and T2 occurred at different locations than when they occurred at a common location. When SOA was short (100 msec or so), recall of T1 was impaired when T1 and T2 occurred at a common location, but not when they were at different locations. The present findings can be reconciled with existing models (e.g., the interference model and the two-stage model) by distinguishing automatic and controlled attention gating processes at the transfer of perceptual representations to a more durable storage (e.g., visual short-term memory)
Feng shui i trädgården
No full textOur environment affect us, not least gardens. By practising the ancient Chinese art feng shui, one could find tools how to create harmony and balance in gardens. By paying attention to different energies working with colours, shapes and materials one can create a nice garden with good feng shui. The philosophy, however, includes much more than what plants or what hard materials to choose in the garden. It describes different energies, the movement of energies, which we can learn to live in harmony with. A feng shui-garden consists of different ingredients which all work together. It is important to find a balance between yin and yang and the different elements wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Harmony and balance are two keywords which is important when one work with feng shui in gardens.
The aim of this work is to find out what tools one can work with to create a good feng shui-garden. The thesis consists of a literature study which concludes how the principle of feng shui works in gardens.Vår omgivning påverkar oss, inte minst i trädgården. Genom att praktisera den flera tusen
år gamla kinesiska läran feng shui, kan man använda sig av olika verktyg för att skapa
harmoni och balans i trädgården. Genom att uppmärksamma energier och arbeta med
färger, former och material kan man skapa en välgörande trädgård med god feng shui.
Men filosofin handlar så mycket mer än om vilka växter man ska välja eller vilka hårda
material man ska använda i trädgården. Den bygger på att beskriva olika energifält, om
energins rörelser som man kan lära sig att leva i samspel med. En feng shui-trädgård
består utav flera olika komponenter som alla samspelar. Man strävar efter en balans
mellan yin och yang och mellan de olika elementen trä, eld, jord, metall och vatten.
Harmoni och balans är två nyckelord som genomsyrar hela tänkandet.
Detta examensarbete har som syfte att ta reda på vilka verktyg man kan arbeta med för att
skapa en trädgård med god feng shui. Arbetet består av en litteraturstudie som
sammanfattar hur principerna inom feng shui kan användas i trädgården
A null relationship between media multitasking and well-being
No full textThere is a rapidly increasing trend in media-media multitasking or MMM (using two or more media concurrently). In a recent conference, scholars from diverse disciplines expressed concerns that indulgence in MMM may compromise well-being and/or cognitive abilities. However, research on MMM's impacts is too sparse to inform the general public and policy makers whether MMM should be encouraged, managed, or minimized. The primary purpose of the present study was to develop an innovative computerized instrument – the Survey of the Previous Day (SPD) – to quantify MMM as well as media-nonmedia and nonmedia-nonmedia multitasking and sole-tasking. The secondary purpose was to examine whether these indices could predict a sample of well-being related, psychosocial measures. In the SPD, participants first recalled (typed) what they did during each hour of the previous day. In later parts of the SPD, participants analysed activities and their timing and duration for each hour of the previous day, while relevant recall was on display. Participants also completed the Media Use Questionnaire. The results showed non-significant relationship between tasking measures and well-being related measures. Given how little is known about the associations between MMM and well-being, the null results may offer some general reassurance to those who are apprehensive about negative impacts of MMM
Using the attention cascade model to computationally account for the age differences in an Attentional Blink (AB) task
No full textThe attention cascade model (Shih, 2008) is a general, mathematical model of attention and working memory. It is applied here to characterize cognitive aging
Feng shui i den privata trädgården
No full textExamensarbetet handlar om hur man kan använda sig av feng shuis principer i den privata trädgårdsmiljön.
Det är uppdelat i två olika avsnitt. Den första delen beaktar feng shuis historia. Hur den först kom till och vilka som använder den idag. Om man inte har den kunskapen så kan läran kännas mer diffus och svårare att ta till sig.
Vår omgivning påverkar oss, inte minst trädgården som många tillbringar en stor del av sin tid i. Den andra delen av arbetet handlar om hur man, genom att praktisera den flertusenåriga kinesiska läran feng shui, med enkla medel kan skapa harmoni och balans i trädgården genom att "möblera" med färger, former och material.
I arbetet finns också intervjuer med två verksamma feng shui-konsulter, Agneta Nyholm Winqvist och Marion Sandler Almgren, samt Jan Janssens, som är docent vid Lunds Universitet och där har forskat i färgpsykologi. Hans svar har varit intressant att få eftersom jag har behandlat färgernas betydelse i en del av arbetet.
Det finns klara kopplingar mellan hur man utövade feng shui för flera tusen år sedan och hur man gör det idag. Grundtanken är fortfarande att huset och trädgården ska vara som en naturlig del i sin omgivning. Idag har läran spritt sig till flera länder och har då givetvis anpassats lite efter dessa länders kultur och levnadssätt. Men grundtanken är den samma.
Arbetet avslutas med mina egna funderingar kring feng shui och dess användande i trädgården
The attention cascade model and attentional blink
No full textAn attention cascade model is proposed to account for attentional blinks in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of stimuli. Data were collected using single characters in a single RSVP stream at 10 Hz (from Shih & Reeves, 2007), and single words, in both single and dual RSVP streams at 19 Hz (from Potter, Staub, & O'Connor, 2002). The model adopts similar architecture of the cognitive accounts of attentional blinks and employs computational details from theories of attention gating. The model has elaborated working memory and attention control mechanism. Both bottom-up and top-down salience are explicit in the model. Quantitative fits are good and the model parameters have plausible values. The model handles stimulus competition, lag 1 sparing, intrusion errors, and magnitude of the dip; it also accounts for commonly observed effects such as stimulus similarities (local and global), target+1 blank, and stimulus salience
Using the attention cascade model to probe cognitive aging
No full textYoung and older adults searched for two digit targets among black letter distractors in rapid serial visual presentation. Unsurprisingly, relative to the young, the old performed worse on both targets and exhibited greater and longer attentional blink. The data of each group were computationally accounted for by the attention cascade model (Shih, 2008) with seven parameters; the optimum values and 95% confidence intervals of the parameters were based on 10,000 bootstrap samples. There was no age effect on the width of the attention window, or the capacity of the consolidation processor. However, relative to the young, the old suffered more masking effect of the salient (and brighter) stimulus, required longer consolidation duration, and had greater and more spread decision noise. The processing rate prior to working memory was numerically slower in the old. Both age groups adopted inefficient strategy during the task – engaging the consolidation processor unnecessarily long. Further simulations suggest that varying the duration can emulate strong, weak, or non-blinkers. The attention cascade model appears a useful tool for the investigation of cognitive aging and other comparative studies
Searching for multiple targets without an attentional blink
No full textParticipants searched for four red target letters in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). On each trial, targets were consecutive or interleaved with distractors, and RSVP speed was slow or fast (7.5 or 12 Hz). Green distractors were also letters in one experiment, but digits in another. More targets were reported when distractors were digits than letters, speed was slow than fast, targets were consecutive than interleaved. More important, an attentional blink (AB: a sharp reduction in report probability from the first to subsequent targets) was absent in all but one condition -- fast RSVP, interleaved targets, and letter distractors -- and its occurrence was attributed to intrusions from interleaved distractors. Conclusions: an attention window is much wider in the present than conventional AB task; attention-gated distractors affect target processing in working memory only if they share target-defining features (e.g., category membership)
Attentional blink session
No full textParticipants searched for four red target letters in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). On each trial, targets were consecutive or interleaved with distractors, and RSVP speed was slow or fast (7.5 or 12 Hz). Green distractors were also letters in one experiment, but digits in another. More targets were reported when distractors were digits than letters, speed was slow than fast, targets were consecutive than interleaved. More important, an attentional blink (AB: a sharp reduction in report probability from the first to subsequent targets) was absent in all but one condition -- fast RSVP, interleaved targets, and letter distractors -- and its occurrence was attributed to intrusions from interleaved distractors. Conclusions: an attention window is much wider in the present than conventional AB task; attention-gated distractors affect target processing in working memory only if they share target-defining features (e.g., category membership)
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