1,721,249 research outputs found
Song Dynasty Military Policy and the Formation of the Shu-hu (熟戸): A Study on the Fan-bing (蕃兵) System
Get PDFThe Song military unit called Fan-bing (蕃兵) was not composed of the Han race (漢族) but built mainly with ethnic minorities such as Tanguts (党項) or Tibetans (吐蕃) called Shu-hu (熟戸). In other words, the Fan-bing system differed from other Han military units, thus this system should be emphasized as a prerequisite for the study of Shu-hu. The objective of this article, as an initial study on the Fan-bing system is to analyze some of the basic problems of Shu-hu, and to study the minority problems in the north-west frontier region during Song dynasty. As a result of my study, the following points can be confirmed.1. Due to the international relations at the time, especially between the Shu-hu and Xi-xia (西夏), and the aggressive policy of assimilating ethnic minorities, Shu-hu became closely associated with the Song dynasty.2. Two policies made the close association between the Shu-hu and Song dynasty possible. After the ethnic minorities were assimilated, Shu-hu either immigrated to the frontier regions or gave up their land in exchange to obtain rights to continue living in their original area of habitat. Furthermore, ethnic minorities resided within the Song fortress (堡寨) and maintained self-determination in the nearby areas.3. It was common practice for the Song government to confer the title of fan-guan (蕃官) to the head of Shu-hu. Later they became Song government bureaucrats and played an important role as an intermediary between Shu-hu and Song dynasty.4. If necessary the Song government intervened in internal affairs of Shu-hu, but only when internal disputes could not solved. Except for murder, all criminal acts committed by the Shu-hu were punished according to the customs of ethnic minorities. Disputes were commonly settled by compensation with animal stocks.5. Moreover, the Song government made treaties with Shu-hu should an emergency arise against the Xi-xia. For instance, the treaty between Fan Zhong-yan (范仲淹) and Shu-hu envisaged the civilians to be protected in the fortress in case of emergency, and if the treaty was violated, goats and horses were offered as compensation, or the head of Shu-hu was take as hostage.journal articl
supplementary_materials – Supplemental material for Parents’ Migration and Adolescents’ Transition to High School in Rural China: The Role of Parental Divorce
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_materials for Parents’ Migration and Adolescents’ Transition to High School in Rural China: The Role of Parental Divorce by Shu Hu in Journal of Family Issues</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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