359 research outputs found
Special Issue on “Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well Being”
No full textBioprocessing is a very important part of biotechnology that utilizes living organisms and their components to produce various types of products [...
Recovery of lipase from Burkholderia sp.using aqueous two-phase systems
Full text linkConventional recovery methods for lipase are tedious and require several rounds of recovery steps. Therefore, the development of a cost-effective and recyclable protocol for the recovery of lipase is essential. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) can be used as an attractive alternative for the recovery of lipase from complex feedstock. This research is focused on the design of an ATPS protocol as a simplified and rapid recovery technique for the microbial lipase of Burkholderia sp. ST8. A multifactor experimental design based on a ‘change-one-factor-at-a-time’ approach was employed to study the effects of lipase production. A high lipase activity was achieved at a 250 rpm agitation speed for 36 hours of fermentation time in a cultivation medium containing 0.1 % (v/v) of Tween 80, 0.3 % (w/v) of nutrient broth and 0.1 % (w/v) of CaCl2 at a pH of 9 with a volume ratio of 20:80 of medium volume to free volume of the flask which resulted in a high average production of
48.3 U/mL.
Three different novel techniques for the direct recovery of lipase based on sustainable ATPS have been developed. The recycling concept in the system is based on the principals of green chemistry, with good efficiency and economic viability.
The first novel method is a recycling hydrophilic organic solvent/inorganic salt aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) system, which integrates solvent sublation (SS) and aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) in the recovery of lipase from
fermentation broth. A purification factor of 14 and a lipase yield of 99 % were achieved in the optimized ATPF system with recovery of alcohol and salt are 70% and 61 %, respectively. The second and third lipase recovery techniques were explored by using a recyclable temperature-induced polymer, an ethylene oxidepropylene oxide (EOPO) polymer in an ATPF system as well as an ATPS. As for the
second method, a recycling EOPO/ammonium sulphateATPF was developed for the recovery of lipase from fermentation broth. Under the optimal conditions, the average yield and purification factor were 98.5 % and 15, respectively. It was also demonstrated that EOPO and salt was recovered up to 91 % and 75 % in the ATPF system. Direct lipase recovery using recycling an EOPO/potassium phosphate ATPS was studied as the third protocol in this thesis. The average purification factor of lipase and the yield obtained from four successive purifications were 15.3 and 99.1 %, respectively. There was no significant difference in using fresh or recycled chemicals in these three novel methods based on ATPS. The choice of method in lipase recovery based on ATPS is subjected to the requirement of the purity and cost of the system. Hence, the simplicity and effectiveness of these three lipase recovery methods based on sustainable ATPS were proven in this study.
Lastly, an extractive fermentation technique was employed using a thermoseparating reagent to form a two-phase system for simultaneous cell cultivation and downstream processing. A 10 % (w/w) solution of EOPO with a molecular mass of 3900 g/mol and a pH of 8.5, a 200 rpm speed, and 30 °C were selected as the optimal conditions for lipase production (55 U/ml). Repetitive batch fermentation was performed by continuous replacement of the top phase every 24 hours, which resulted in an average cell growth mass of 4.8 g/L for 10 extractive batches over 240 hours. The
dry cell mass in the bioreactor was 22 % higher than that in the flasks. Burkholderia sp. ST8 lipase was successfully produced and recovered by using thermoseparating reagents in a single step - extractive fermentation
New Processes
No full textA change from a consumer society to a sustainable and conserver society must focus on for the welfare of the planet and future generations through balance rather than by maximizing the exploitation of resources. This will bring about further growth as an option for both per capita consumption and the population. Muddled and tepid responses make it clear that the society has not developed a vision of what a truly sustainable society looks like. It is essential to bring awareness to the possibility of creating a sustainable society which will incorporate sustainable development goals (SDGs) to generate a future with more possibilities. In order to move towards a sustainable society, it is vital to provide the highest standard of wellbeing, from an environmental, human, and economic perspective. We can contribute by providing technical and scientific studies that can be accessed freely and implemented by all. These works cover the important parameters that can be addressed to achieve sustainability, such as being energetically sustainable, resource-sustainable, environmentally sustainable, fiscally sustainable, and socially sustainable
Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well Being
Full text linkThis book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations
Climate change and diatoms
No full textClimate change has triple-pronged effects – warming, deoxygenation, and acidification – in freshwater and marine environments, effects which have a full spectrum of impacts on primary producers. Diatoms are an appropriate model for indicating climate change effects because they are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and are the most important primary producers in marine ecosystems (i.e., 40% of productivity) and contribute 20% of atmospheric oxygen, but have not been adequately studied in relation to climate change. Diatoms have numerous characteristics that can be used to measure the effects of climate change. For example, climate change may increase the relative abundance of dinoflagellates compared to diatoms, leading to more frequent occurrences of harmful algal blooms in marine ecosystems, where diatoms and dinoflagellates dominate blooms. Such blooms can have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems and can impact on humans by affecting fisheries, tourism, and other economic losses. These changing climatic scenarios may be accompanied by a change in the various life-forms of diatoms, such as a shift from mixed life-forms (undisturbed) to the dominance of pioneer and adnate diatoms (disturbed by an increase in carbon dioxide concentration) in the community. Diatoms store excess energy as lipids, and the number and biovolume of lipid bodies can be a valuable diagnostic tool for stress, including climate change. At the molecular level, organic lipid biomarkers can provide information to help decipher past and present climatic conditions, such as glaciation and deglaciation processes in polar regions. Reductions in diatom size and silica availability for frustule formation have been linked to increasing temperatures, such as those from global warming, in both freshwater and oceanic ecosystems – although not all studies are supportive. Finally, diatoms are excellent experimental organisms for indicating potential impacts of climate change on living organisms
Biotechnology for Sustainability and Social Well Being
No full textThis book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations
Transcription Factor ChbZIP1 from Alkaliphilic Microalgae Chlorella sp. BLD Enhancing Alkaline Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textSaline-alkali soil has become an important environmental problem for crop productivity. One of the most effective approaches is to cultivate new stress-tolerant plants through genetic engineering. Through RNA-seq analysis and RT-PCR validation, a novel bZIP transcription factor ChbZIP1, which is significantly upregulated at alkali conditions, was obtained from alkaliphilic microalgae Chlorella sp. BLD. Overexpression of ChbZIP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis increased their alkali resistance, indicating ChbZIP1 may play important roles in alkali stress response. Through subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity analyses, we found that ChbZIP1 is a nuclear-localized bZIP TF with transactivation activity to bind with the motif of G-box 2 (TGACGT). Functional analysis found that genes such as GPX1, DOX1, CAT2, and EMB, which contained G-box 2 and were associated with oxidative stress, were significantly upregulated in Arabidopsis with ChbZIP1 overexpression. The antioxidant ability was also enhanced in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results indicate that ChbZIP1 might mediate plant adaptation to alkali stress through the active oxygen detoxification pathway. Thus, ChbZIP1 may contribute to genetically improving plants’ tolerance to alkali stress
The epoxy resin system: function and role of curing agents
No full textCuring agents are critical components of aqueous epoxy resin systems. Unfortunately, its uses and applications are restricted because of its low emulsifying yields. Epoxy resins are frequently used in electrical devices, castings, packaging, adhesive, corrosion resistance, and dip coating. In the presence of curing agents, epoxy resins become rigid and infusible. Eco-friendliness and mechanical functionality have emerged as vulcanization properties. Curing agents are used for surface modification, thermodynamic properties, functional approaches to therapeutic procedures, and recent advances in a variety of fields such as commercial and industrial levels. The curing agent has superior construction and mechanical properties when compared to the commercial one, which suggests that it has the potential for use as the architectural and industrial coatings. The thermal stability of cured products is good due to the presence of the imide group and the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure. Over the course of the projection period, it is anticipated that the global market for curing agents will continue to expand at a steady rate. The growth of the market is mainly driven by its expanding range in future applications such as adhesives, composites, construction, electrical, electronics, and wind energy. This review focused on the most recent advancements in curing techniques, emphasizing their thermal and mechanical properties. The review also presents a critical discussion of key aspects and bottleneck or research gap of the application of curing agents in the industrial areas.The authors wish to thank their parent institution for providing the necessary facilities to complete the current research. This work was also supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Malaysia [FRGS/1/2019/STG05/UNIM/02/2]. Pau Loke Show would like to acknowledge Khalifa University (FSU-2024-001) with project reference number 8474000580
- …
