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‘What is the child innocent of? Sexual knowledge of course!’: an interview with Shohini Ghosh
No full textIt is axiomatic to consider the child as innocent. The image of the innocent child stands in contrast to the cruelty of the world that we inhabit. The innocent child is instrumentalised to advance a moral project of rights that consider protection and care as universal virtues of a modern civilisation. Historically, the media has been the most pervasive of tools used to perpetuate this image (followed closely by the law). The relationship between childhood and innocence is a historically contingent idea that has been politically deployed with the specific aim of producing the image of the ideal or ‘customized child’, one that is devoid of political and sexual agency and is perpetually vulnerable to suffering. One of the abiding aims of modern culture has been to keep the child’s innocence immune from contamination by the assumed perversity of sex and sexuality. Since both childhoods and media images are historically contingent, Shohini Ghosh in this interview considers them to be discourses that are constructed in and through specific contexts. An attention to historical trajectory and the changing contexts of media cultures in both India and the West, Ghosh argues, helps us see what exceptionalises the understanding of children’s suffering when the context is sexual in nature. Ghosh offers nuanced and rigourous scholarly arguments about what is at stake for ideas of freedom in general and recognising children as political beings in particular, when considering the relationship between children, sex and sexuality. These are not matters of academic concern alone, but has material consequences with regard to the way in which we want to understand children as citizens with the capacity to think, judge and produce knowledge
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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