44 research outputs found
Cross modality medical image synthesis for improving liver segmentation
No full textDeep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of medical images requires large datasets. However, the lack of large publicly available labelled datasets limits the development of deep learning-based CAD systems. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), in particular, CycleGAN, can be used to generate new cross-domain images without paired training data. However, most CycleGAN-based synthesis methods lack the potential to overcome alignment and asymmetry between the input and generated data. We propose a two-stage technique for the synthesis of abdominal MRI using cross-modality translation of abdominal CT. We show that the synthetic data can help improve the performance of the liver segmentation network. We increase the number of abdominal MRI images through cross-modality image transformation of unpaired CT images using a CycleGAN inspired deformation invariant network called EssNet. Subsequently, we combine the synthetic MRI images with the original MRI images and use them to improve the accuracy of the U-Net on a liver segmentation task. We train the U-Net on real MRI images and then on real and synthetic MRI images. Consequently, by comparing both scenarios, we achieve an improvement in the performance of U-Net. In summary, the improvement achieved in the Intersection over Union (IoU) is 1.17%. The results show the potential to address the data scarcity challenge in medical imaging
R2U++: a multiscale recurrent residual U-Net with dense skip connections for medical image segmentation
No full textU-Net is a widely adopted neural network in the domain of medical image segmentation. Despite its quick embracement by the medical imaging community, its performance suffers on complicated datasets. The problem can be ascribed to its simple feature extracting blocks: encoder/decoder, and the semantic gap between encoder and decoder. Variants of U-Net (such as R2U-Net) have been proposed to address the problem of simple feature extracting blocks by making the network deeper, but it does not deal with the semantic gap problem. On the other hand, another variant UNET++ deals with the semantic gap problem by introducing dense skip connections but has simple feature extraction blocks. To overcome these issues, we propose a new U-Net based medical image segmentation architecture R2U++. In the proposed architecture, the adapted changes from vanilla U-Net are: (1) the plain convolutional backbone is replaced by a deeper recurrent residual convolution block. The increased field of view with these blocks aids in extracting crucial features for segmentation which is proven by improvement in the overall performance of the network. (2) The semantic gap between encoder and decoder is reduced by dense skip pathways. These pathways accumulate features coming from multiple scales and apply concatenation accordingly. The modified architecture has embedded multi-depth models, and an ensemble of outputs taken from varying depths improves the performance on foreground objects appearing at various scales in the images. The performance of R2U++ is evaluated on four distinct medical imaging modalities: electron microscopy, X-rays, fundus, and computed tomography. The average gain achieved in IoU score is 1.5 ± 0.37% and in dice score is 0.9 ± 0.33% over UNET++, whereas, 4.21 ± 2.72 in IoU and 3.47 ± 1.89 in dice score over R2U-Net across different medical imaging segmentation datasets
Javid Nama and Zindagi: A Comparative Analysis
No full textIn this article Javid Nama, The famous masnavi of Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Zindgi, a novel penned down by renowned author Ch. Afzal Haq has been compared critically. Interesting resemblances between both the books are explored in this comparative study. This study probes that Javid Nama and Zindgi not only resemble regarding subject matter and thought but also in the realm of time and space. For example the time of publication, place of publication, social and intellectual context of both book are same. Both the books despite generic differences have the same novelistic, dramatic and imaginative elements
Javid Nama and Zindagi: A Comparative Analysis
No full textIn this article Javid Nama, The famous masnavi of Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Zindgi, a novel penned down by renowned author Ch. Afzal Haq has been compared critically. Interesting resemblances between both the books are explored in this comparative study. This study probes that Javid Nama and Zindgi not only resemble regarding subject matter and thought but also in the realm of time and space. For example the time of publication, place of publication, social and intellectual context of both book are same. Both the books despite generic differences have the same novelistic, dramatic and imaginative elements
Automated Fiducial Points Detection Using Human Body Segmentation
No full textAccurately detected human body fiducial points provide an easy and efficient method for human body posture analysis and the extraction of anthropometric parameters. In the proposed work, an efficient algorithm for automated and accurate detection of fiducial points is developed for both the frontal and the lateral images. An algorithm for automatic human body segmentation of the frontal image is also developed using automatically detected set of primary fiducial points. Additional fiducial points are obtained by applying peak and valley algorithm on the silhouettes of each segment. The detection accuracy of the automatically detected fiducial points is calculated by comparing their locations with the manually marked fiducial points. The proposed algorithm is tested on 45 subjects including both male and female genders and variable Body Mass Indexes. In most cases, the algorithm successfully detects seventy fiducial points for each subject in the testing set. A quantitative analysis of the error in the position of the detected fiducial points shows that the algorithm performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms found in the existing literature. In the evaluation of the algorithm, the percentage accuracy of the detected fiducial points is calculated and it is observed that the proposed algorithm performs better for the majority of the fiducial points.</p
A new generative adversarial network for medical images super resolution
No full textFor medical image analysis, there is always an immense need for rich details in an image. Typically, the diagnosis will be served best if the fine details in the image are retained and the image is available in high resolution. In medical imaging, acquiring high-resolution images is challenging and costly as it requires sophisticated and expensive instruments, trained human resources, and often causes operation delays. Deep learning based super resolution techniques can help us to extract rich details from a low-resolution image acquired using the existing devices. In this paper, we propose a new Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based architecture for medical images, which maps low-resolution medical images to high-resolution images. The proposed architecture is divided into three steps. In the first step, we use a multi-path architecture to extract shallow features on multiple scales instead of single scale. In the second step, we use a ResNet34 architecture to extract deep features and upscale the features map by a factor of two. In the third step, we extract features of the upscaled version of the image using a residual connection-based mini-CNN and again upscale the feature map by a factor of two. The progressive upscaling overcomes the limitation for previous methods in generating true colors. Finally, we use a reconstruction convolutional layer to map back the upscaled features to a high-resolution image. Our addition of an extra loss term helps in overcoming large errors, thus, generating more realistic and smooth images. We evaluate the proposed architecture on four different medical image modalities: (1) the DRIVE and STARE datasets of retinal fundoscopy images, (2) the BraTS dataset of brain MRI, (3) the ISIC skin cancer dataset of dermoscopy images, and (4) the CAMUS dataset of cardiac ultrasound images. The proposed architecture achieves superior accuracy compared to other state-of-the-art super-resolution architectures
A high-speed RSD-based flexible ECC processor for arbitrary curves over general prime field
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