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Silla Policy in the War between Bohai and Tang Empire in 732–735
No full textThe author of this article considers specific character of Silla policy during the war between Chinese Empire Tang and Bohai – northern neighbor of the Korean state. This war is known to be important for the East Asian region, as it changed the political situation in the medieval Far East. Both sides used military contingents from allies and vassals. These facts prove the war had a great scale. China received military support from Heishui Mohe, Silla, Shiwei, Bohai – from Khitan, other tribes of Mohe. However, this war is unknown for many specialists of history. Moreover, the role of Silla (state which gave support to Tang Empire and changed the character of this military conflict) is not thoroughly considered and analyzed by scholars. Using different materials, the author analyses events in which Silla kingdom took part, act of war and results of this conflict, which are still controversial. The author uses materials both in European (Russian and English) and Asian (Korean and Chinese) languages.Other Research UnitVersion of Recor
Tang Code, Tang Rite, and Other Manuscripts of Tang Dynasty
No full textIn the present paper, the author gives the preliminary reports on three newly found Tang 唐 official documents, pointing out their important value, and offering the all texts for further studies.1. In Tunhuang and Turfan Documents concerning Social and Economic History I. Legal Texts (Tokyo 1978-1980), Professors T. Yamamoto, O. Ikeda, and M. Okano published the joined texts of O. 5098 and O. 8099 from Otani collection. They identified the fragments with the Section on Violence and Robbery of the Tang Code (唐律), and pointed out the article comes from the Yonghui 永徽 or Chuigong 垂拱 Code according to the Zetian 則天 characters used in the Buddhist text on the verso. The author joins another fragment based on an old photograph of the Turfan document preserved in the Lüshun Museum (旅順博物館). The new text contains one different article from the printed text after the Song 宋 dynasty.2. Among the Dunhuang 敦煌 manuscripts in the National Library of China in Beijing, there is a good copy of the Tang Rite (唐礼) in high Tang characters (No. zhou 周 70A). It contains the text corresponding to the Da Tang Kaiyuan li 大唐開元礼, vol. 37: “Huangdi shixiang yu Taimiao 皇帝時享於太廟”. It is the first time to find the book in Dunhuang or Turfan manuscripts.3. In his Dunhuang Turfan Tangdai fazhi wenshu kaoshi 敦煌吐魯番唐代法制文書考釈, Liu Junwen thought the document of zhou 51 should be the Regulations of the Regional Military Organization. But the form of the original document could not conform to the Tang Regulations, so the author refutes his view and thinks that it is an official document relating to the beacon of the military fortress in the area of Dunhuang or Turfan.journal articl
Tang O 1950-1954
No full textA report on the village of Tang O, detailing its location, the current projects there, and the resources available
Reinventing the Pre-Tang Tradition: Compiling and Publishing Pre-Tang Poetry Anthologies in Sixteenth-Century China
No full textAbstract
This article examines how the making of pre-Tang poetry anthologies in sixteenth-century Ming China led to a reinvention of the pre-Tang poetic tradition. From the Zhengde period 正德 (1506–21) well into the Wanli reign 萬曆 (1573–1620), the compilation and publication of new pre-Tang poetry anthologies saw a dramatic increase, making the anthologizing practices in the 1500s crucial to understanding the pre-Tang tradition. Through a study of paratextual elements (book titles, tables of contents, prefaces, postscripts, etc.) in twenty-two pre-Tang poetry anthologies compiled in the 1500s, this article identifies three types of anthologizing practices. By employing quantitative and network analysis, the author hopes to historicize these practices, investigate the motivations for the anthologies, and explore their citation networks. These anthologizing practices, I conclude, gradually transformed the classification principles of previous anthologies, expanded the scope of canonized anthologies, and established a distinct pre-Tang tradition by the end of the sixteenth century.</jats:p
On the Relationship between Shatuo Later Tang Dynasty and the Nine Tatars
No full textThe success of the Tang Dynasty in quelling the Huang Chao 黄巣 Rebellion (875-884) was in large part made possible by the contingent of Shatuo 沙陀 Turks and Tatars 達靼 led by Shatuo warlord Li Keyong 李克用, whose son, Li Cunzu 李存勗, would found the Later Tang polity of the Five Dynasties Period. The close relationships that would exist between the Later Tang Dynasty and the Tatar settlements in the north Gobi Desert at the beginning of the 10th century dates back at least to 878, when Li Keyong along with his father Li Guochang raised their own rebellion against the Tang Dynasty, were defeated and took refuge among the Tatar tribes. The purpose of this article is to trace the origins of the Tatars who interacted with the Shatuo warlords during the final years of the Tang Dynasty, by discussing the Nine Tatars settled in the northern Gobi.
To begin with, the author points to a letter written by Li Keyong to his arch-enemy Zhu Quanzhong 朱全忠, in which we discover the existence of a tribal settlement in Yinshan 陰山, which Li refers to as Yiqin 懿親.
A review of the use of “Yinshan” in the Tang Period sources, mainly epitaphs mentioning people of Turkic descent, shows that while 1) Yinshan could refer to the present day Yinshan and Tianshan mountain ranges of the southern Gobi Desert, there is also its use as 2) a synonym for all of northern China and 3) possible reference to Ötükän yïš 于都斤山 (the Khangai Mountains of central Mongolia) in the northern Gobi. The problem is 1) that there is no record of Tatar (Shiwei 室韋 in the Tang records) settlements in the Yinshan Mts, and the fact that the Yinshan region, being a mixed agricultural-pastoral area, played only a peripheral role in the nomadic states of the period, meaning that the only region capable of spawning large powerful nomadic organizations was the northern Gobi.
Consequently, the author reasons that the migration of Tatar tribes into the central Mongolian steppe around the time of the collapse of the Eastern Uighur Khanate must have included at least one part of the Nine Tatars, the Kelie 克烈 (the Kereyids), settling there during the latter part of the 9th century. The Yuanshi’s 元史 biography of Suge 速哥 describes the Kereyids as matrilineal kin to the “Li Tang”, a polity which should be interpreted as the Later Tang Dynasty, which the Shatuo Li Family claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Tang Dynasty. And if so, the Kereyids correspond to Li Keyong’s Yiqin settlement.
The author concludes that the Tatars who protected Li Keyong and his father in exile, then fought beside the Shatuo warlord in the counterinsurgency effort against Huang Chao were in fact the Nine Tatars of mainland Mongolia, or least one contingent thereof i.e., the Kereyids. Therefore, the history of Mongolia around the 10th century becomes closely connected to the development of the dynasties in mainland China and thus constitutes an indispensable part of eastern Eurasian history.journal articl
Mapping the Literary Landscape in the Late Tang: Interpreting the Intellectual World through the Prose of Luo Yin, Lu Guimeng, and Pi Rixiu
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2025The dissertation delves into the often overlooked, underestimated, and misunderstood writers of ninth and tenth-century China. Within the declining years of the Tang dynasty, these scholars have been overshadowed by their predecessors and successors. From imperial China to modern scholarship, their literary contributions have only been recognized as a continuation of the literary legacy from the earlier Tang periods, a transition before a literary renaissance in the Northern Song dynasty, and a representation of the political and social issues of the chaotic time. The dissertation challenges this longstanding conventional view by highlighting the unique qualities of the prose written by Lu Guimeng (d. 881), Pi Rixiu (838-883), and Luo Yin (833-910). By analyzing the collective and individual themes and styles present in their prose, as well as their mastery of literary tradition and innovative approaches, this dissertation illustrates the indispensable value of late Tang prose. The dissertation is structured into two primary sections: textual and contextual analyses, followed by annotated translations. The first section is dedicated to providing an in-depth discussion of the topic, comprising six main chapters. Each chapter explores a distinct topic within the literary world, including remonstrance, reclusion, identity construction, historical writing, political views, philosophical ideology, hobbies, and religious beliefs. The second section serves not only as a reference and appendix to the discussion but also aims to lay valuable groundwork by paying attention to literary allusions, rhetorical devices, grammatical nuances, textual variations, and reception history
Zi xi cu dong: wu juan. v.1
No full text[花之安撰 ; 馮勉齋删改訂正 ; 洪士偉删潤].綫裝, 1函.框20.4x13.3公分, 10行23字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 四周雙邊, 對黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名卷次及集次, 中鐫章次及小題, 下鐫葉次.是書五卷共七十二章 ; 每卷又分別題為: 仁集, 義集, 禮集, 智集, 信集.內封頁題"自西徂東, 廣東小書會眞寶堂發售" ; 內封背頁題"Ernst Faber, Civilization, Chinese and Christian, Hong Kong 1884, 光緖十年歲次甲申德國花之安發刊"Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 20.4 x 13.3 gong fen, 10 hang 23 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, si zhou shuang bian, dui hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming juan ci ji ji ci, zhong juan zhang ci ji xiao ti, xia juan ye ci.Shi shu wu juan gong qi shi er zhang ; mei juan you fen bie ti wei: Ren ji, Yi ji, Li ji, Zhi ji, Xin ji.Nei feng ye ti "Zi xi cu dong, Guangdong Xiao shu hui zhen bao tang fa shou" ; nei feng bei ye ti "Ernst Faber, Civilization, Chinese and Christian, Hong Kong 1884, Guangxu shi nian sui ci jia shen Deguo Hua Zhian fa kan"[Hua Zhian zhuan ; Feng Mianzhai shan gai ding zheng ; Hong Shiwei shan run]
The wine theme in Tang dynasty poetry
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “Vīna tēma Tan dinastijas poēzijā”. Šī tēma bija izvēlēta sakarā
ar vīna poēzijas izpētīšanas deficītu. Vīns vienmēr aizņēma svarīgu vietu ķīniešu sociālajā
dzīvē, un it īpaši šis dzēriens bija vispusīgi izmantots Tan dinastijā. Vīna tēmai ir veltīts
milzīgs Tan dzejoļu skaits, bet joprojām šī tēma nebija rūpīgi izpētīta.
Šī bakalaura darba mērķis ir nodemonstrēt, ka vīna tēma Tan dinastijas poēzijā ir tik pat
svarīga kā citas tēmas. Autore studē vīna nozīmi Tan dinastijā un pirms-Tan periodā, akcentē
galvenos Tan poēzijas aspektus, izpētē kādā veidā vīna tēma kļuva par poēzijas sastāvdaļu,
noteic galvenos dzeršanas motīvus poēzijā un analizē slavenu Tan dzejnieku-dzērāju vīna
poēziju.
Atslēgvārdi: Ķīna, Tan, dzeja, vīns.The theme of the bachelor paper is “The wine theme in the Tang dynasty poetry”. The
choice of this theme was determined by the deficit of research on wine poetry. Wine has
always played an important role in Chinese social life, and especially it found an extensive
use in the Tang dynasty. The wine theme takes up a great number of Tang poems, however, it
is not a topic which is studied in depth.
The aim of this bachelor paper is to demonstrate that the wine theme in Tang poetry is
as important as the other themes. The author studies the meaning of wine in the Tang dynasty
and the pre-Tang period, shows the main aspects of Tang poetry, researches how the wine
theme became a part of poetry, ascertains the main drinking motives in poetry and analyzes
wine poetry of the most famous Tang poets-drinkers.
Keywords: China, Tang, poetry, wine
Sphaerobulbus ningliei Zhao & Tang 2020, sp. nov.
No full textSphaerobulbus ningliei sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6, 19–23) Type material. HƟĿƟŦYPൾ: CHINA: YUNNAN: ³, glued on a card with labels as follows: “China: Yunnan Prov. Binchuan County, Jizu Shan, 25°57′41.76″N 100°23′36.38″E, alt. 3000 m, 16. VII.2010, Liang Tang leg.” “ Holotype / Sphaerobulbus ningliei / Zhao & Tang” [red handwritten label] (SHNU). Description. Measurements of male: BL: 14.2 mm, FL: 7.7 mm. HL: 2.06 mm, HW: 2.18 mm, EYL: 0.59 mm, TL: 1.00 mm, PL: 2.88 mm, PW: 2.55 mm, EL: 2.89 mm, EW: 2.95 mm. HW/HL: 1.05, TL/EYL: 1.69, PL/PW: 1.13, EL/EW: 0.98. Body entirely blackish with metallic blue tint,appendages reddish except mid and hind coxae darker. Head 1.05 times as wide as long, rounded quadrangular, posterior angles entirely rounded, tempora longer than eyes (ratio 1.69), disc with punctation well delimited on middle portion and more or less confluent on lateral portions, posterior half of head with impunctate midline, interstices densely reticulated, about equal to diameter of punctures on midanterior portion and mostly narrower than half diameter of punctures on the remaining portions. Pronotum 1.13 times as long as wide, widest at about basal third, disc with complete impunctate midline, punctation confluent, interstices reticulated, narrower than half diameter of punctures; scutellum with black pubescence, finely and densely punctate. Elytra 0.98 times as long as wide and as long as pronotum; punctation fine and dense, interstices slightly dull with coarse granulose microsculpture. Abdomen semi-cylindrical, posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior basal line of abdominal tergites III–V distinctly bisinuate, median impression after posterior basal line relatively shallow; punctation dense and fine, interstices reticulated. Male. Sternite VIII emarginate at middle of posterior margin; sternite IX (Fig. 19) emarginate medioapically; tergite X(Fig. 20) subtriangular with apex obtusely pointed. Aedeagus (Fig. 21) with median lobe asymmetrical, apical portion hook-like and pointing to left side in ventral view, paramere slightly asymmetrical, slightly shorter than median lobe, underside of paramere (Figs 22, 23) with a few sensory peg seta in apical portion and one degenerated sensory peg seta at middle of subapical portion. Female. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to S. cardinalis Smetana, 2010 from Sichuan and Yunnan, but can be distinguished from the latter by the posterior angles of the head being rounded (slightly prominent in S. cardinalis), the posterior half of the head with the impunctate midline broad (narrow in S. cardinalis), the apical portion of the aedeagal median lobe hook-like, and the underside of the paramere with sparser sensory peg setae. Both species seem to differ also in the degree of metallic tint in some cases (compare Figs 5 and 26), but this character seems to be variable in S. cardinalis which can also exhibit a bluish-purple tint (A. Smetana, pers. comm. 2020) and the coloration is hence not useful as a diagnostic character. The new species is also a little similar to S. smetanai described above in coloration, but it can be distinguished by the head with an impunctate midline, the elytra distinctly longer, and the abdomen distinctly darker in coloration. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mr. Lie Ning who accompanied the second author during the collecting trip. Distribution. China (Yunnan).Published as part of Zhao, Xin & Tang, Liang, 2020, Three new species of the genus Sphaerobulbus from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), pp. 333-341 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on pages 337-338, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.019, http://zenodo.org/record/387994
Du shu cao tang ming shi: si juan.
No full text順德簡朝亮述."排印留版存讀書草堂, 上海中華書局承印"--Title page verso.Shunde Jian Zhaoliang shu."Pai yin liu ban cun Du shu cao tang, Shanghai Zhonghua shu ju cheng yin"--Title page verso
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