1,720,953 research outputs found
Development and validation of prognostic factors and a diagnostic deep learning algorithm in uveal melanoma
No full textThe uveal tract comprises three anatomical structures: the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults and has a high propensity for metastasis. Unfortunately, once radiologically detectable metastases develop, the median patient survival is only about 1.5 years. No major improvements in patient survival have been achieved during the last several decades, making it essential to identify factors that can help improve outcomes. Detecting lesions at the earliest possible stage-before they grow large-and accurately distinguishing the few truly malignant lesions from the larger number of benign counterparts is likely an effective way to enhance survival.Recognizing the factors that influence disease progression is critical for improving prognosis. Without this understanding, meaningful progress remains limited. Therefore, the main focus of this dissertation is to investigate clinical factors that help us better understand the disease, as well as to identify technological tools that can aid in earlier diagnosis. By gaining deeper insight, we aim to improve patient outcomes and make a meaningful impact on the course of the disease.In paper I, we compared the long-term prognosis for patients with iris melanomas with small choroidal melanomas. It has previously been described that iris melanomas have a more favorable prognosis compared to choroidal melanomas. However, iris melanomas are typically relatively small at diagnosis, which could contribute to their favorable prognosis. Tumor diameter, which is one of the strongest predictors of uveal melanoma prognosis, has not been taken into full account in previous studies. We have therefore compared the two tumor types and adjusted for tumor size. Our findings did not show any survival differences between iris and choroidal melanomas.In paper II, we investigated the association between vasculogenic mimicry (VM), presenting symptoms, patient outcome and the area density of periodic acid-Schiff positive histological patterns (PAS density). PAS stains a range of tissues including VM, which is a fluid conducting extracellular matrix pattern that has in many cancers been linked to worse prognosis. One of our previous studies observed that patients with uveal melanoma having a shadow in the visual field as a symptom were more likely to have retinal detachment and worse prognosis. In this study, we demonstrated that the likely reason a shadow in the visual field is associated with a worse prognosis is that these tumors are more prone to have higher PAS density and display VM.In paper III, we wanted to investigate the relationship between obesity and metabolic factors with uveal melanoma prognosis. High body mass index (BMI) is generally believed to be linked to a less favorable prognostic factor. However, our results showed that obesity and high serum levels of leptin were associated with a favorable prognosis, described as an obesity paradox.In paper IV, we developed a deep learning algorithm to distinguish small choroidal melanomas from nevi. Early detection in melanomas is crucial, as even small melanomas can metastasize and become life threatening but detecting them at an early stage is often challenging. Additionally, the task of distinguishing these lesions often falls on non-experts, making decision supporting tools even more valuable. Our algorithm not only matched but, in some cases, outperformed human ophthalmologists, making it a potential tool for clinicians in determining tumor monitoring frequencies and deciding when to refer for further evaluation or treatment.List of scientific papersI. Sabazade S, Herrspiegel C, Gill V, Stålhammar G. No differences in the long-term prognosis of iris and choroidal melanomas when adjusting for tumor thickness and diameter. BMC Cancer. 2021 Nov 24;21(1):1270. Erratum in: BMC Cancer. 2022 Jan 4;22(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-09167- 8.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-09002-0II. Sabazade S, Gill V, Herrspiegel C, Stålhammar G. Vasculogenic mimicry correlates to presenting symptoms and mortality in uveal melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022 Mar;148(3):587-597.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-021-03851-9III. Sabazade S, Opalko A, Herrspiegel C, Gill VT, Plastino F, André H, Stålhammar G. Obesity paradox in uveal melanoma: high body mass index is associated with low metastatic risk. Br J Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar 20;108(4):578-587. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2022-322877IV. Sabazade S, Lumia Michalski MA, Bartoszek J, Fili M, Holmström M, Stålhammar G. Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Differentiation of Choroidal Nevi from Small Melanoma in Fundus Photographs. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Aug 30;5(1):100613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2024.100613</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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