1,721,017 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physicians’ Professional Values, Their Influences on Self-assessment of Medical Performance, and The Attribution of Blame for Professional Deficiency
No full text隨著時代的改變，消費主義的興起、醫院企業化經營，醫學專業已經歷了幾十年的變遷。雖然媒體對醫師的報導越趨醫療疏失等負面形象，社會學也有相關醫學專業等論述產出，並帶著批判和懷疑的眼光。然而關於醫學專業的探討，有太多的論述但實證研究較為缺乏，並且缺少醫師自身的觀點。 因此，本研究目的在探討並呈現當代重要之醫學專業價值，並以此專業價值作為出發點，了解不同的醫師所持的專業價值是否會影響其對於目前醫師專業表現的評量，以及如果醫師認為醫學專業目前表現不佳，他們又會認為是何種原因造成的。 本研究是以全國西醫師為研究對象，以2007年醫事處的執業醫師資料為準，並採取系統抽樣選出8000名醫師郵寄問卷。於2008年一月寄發第一次問卷，並經過一次催收後，至三月回收有效問卷1679份，回覆率達21%。 研究結果發現：(1)醫師所持專業價值的部份：64.4%醫師認為即使目前的健保資源有限，醫師的臨床專業自主也不應受到限制；67.1%的醫師即使在面對健保的限制之下，也會盡力爭取民眾的優先利益；約80%的醫師強調無論如何處方診療時絕不可以考量利潤。而有52.5%的醫師在醫療決策時傾向以民眾的選擇為主體。(2)就專業表現評量的部份：當代的醫師對於目前同儕的專業表現多為正向，但就傾聽、解釋告知的部份較差強人意。(3)就責難歸因而言：大部分的醫師都將目前專業表現不佳的原因指向健保制度，其次則為民眾自主強勢，再來為社會價值的變遷。(4)而認為由於健保資源有限，醫師專業自主應受到限制者，有較高的傾向將目前醫學專業表現不佳歸因於醫院的經營管理策略。(5)此外，年齡世代是ㄧ個很重要的因子，我們發現越老的醫師則其持有的專業價值就越高，並且對當代醫學專業表現的評價就越好。 由以上結果可知，目前的台灣醫師仍持有較傳統的專業價值，整體來說他們對於目前的專業表現評價皆為正向，但認為醫病溝通的技巧較差。另外，健保對於醫師的執業也造成了很大的影響，尤其是他們對於醫療照護組織的管制也間接的影響了醫學專業價值的形塑。然而，除了對於外在體制的責難，部分醫師也認為，由於醫界本身的自我控管機制失靈，因此醫師本身對於現狀也難辭其咎。With the rise of managed care, medical consumerism, and the corporatization of hospitals, medical professionalism has experienced drastic transition in the past few decades. Although the image of medical profession become more and more negative, as reflected in the media and illustrated by the accumulated criticism from sociologists, very few empirical research have been done to tap the perceptions and observations that come from the physicians themselves. he purposes of this study, therefore, are to describe the physicians’ attitudes towards medical professionalism, i.e., their professional values, and then examine how the values they hold influence their assessment of current state of medical performance, and, if any deficiency in professionalism was indicated, for which what factors did they attribute the blame. ata on which this study was based came from a nation-wide mail survey. Through a systematic sampling, about 8000 physicians who were practicing in biomedicine (so-called Western physicians) and having memberships in Taiwan Medical Association in the year 2007 were selected as potential participants for this study. Started in January 2008 and after one follow-up mailing, a total of 1679 valid questionnaires were collected in March 2008, resulting in a response rate of 21%. The major findings of this study are: (1) The professional values held by this sample of physicians are presented in the following aspects of professionalism: 64.4% physicians did not agree that their clinical autonomy should be regulated by the National Health Insurance (NHI) even under the situation of limited health care resources; 67.1% said that the patients’ welfare will be their top priority even in face of NHI restrictions; about 80% emphasized that profit should not be taken into account while providing clinical services; and 52.5% supported the idea that patients should have more autonomy in the process of medical care decision making, (2) With regard to their assessment of current performance among their professional members, most of them made an overall positive assessment, although the aspects of listening, and informing and advising during patient-physician interactions were considered relatively unsatisfactory, and (3) In response to deficiency in professionalism or poorer professional performance, NHI, consumerism, and societal values were three blames most often attributed by the participants, and (4) Physicians who made justification on the restriction of clinical autonomy under stringent resources were more likely to attribute current poor performance to the managerialism adopted by hospitals, and (5) Physicians’ age (cohort) is the most powerful factor in relation to professional value and self-assessment of performance. The older the age the more strong the professional values they held, and more positive their assessment of current professional performance. ontemporary physicians in Taiwan still hold conventional medical professionalism, and their assessment of current performance of their professional members is positive overall, with the communicative skill the poorest competency. Although NHI, as a national health policy, has exerted much impact on their practices in general, in particular managerial interventions applied in health care organizations are considered the ultimate menace to their professionalism. Yet beyond blaming, some physicians also argue that medical professionals must be responsible for the status quo because of the failure of self-regulation.致謝 I要 IIbstract IV錄 VII表目錄 IX一章 緒論 1一節 研究背景與動機 1二節 研究目的 4三節 研究預期貢獻與重要性 5二章 文獻探討 6一節 醫學專業價值與倫理 6二節 醫師們對醫學專業的觀感 15三節 醫師對健保、民眾、醫院經營策略的看法 21四節 責難歸因(blme attribution)在醫療場域的應用 25五節 結論 30三章 研究方法 32一節 研究架構 32二節 測量工具 34三節 資料收集與分析 39四章 研究結果 43 第一節 樣本特質 43 第二節 醫師所持專業價值及醫學專業評量 46 第三節 專業價值與專業形象及其相關因子 53 第四節 整體專業不佳的歸因及其相關因子 60 第五節 專業自評之相關影響因素 65 第六節 整體專業評量不佳的歸因 69五章 討論 73 第一節 醫師所持專業價值之變遷 73 第二節 醫師所知覺得當代專業形象 77 第三節 醫師之利潤觀 79 第四節 醫師們對醫院經營策略的責難歸因 81 第五節 研究限制 85六章 結論與建議 86考文獻 89錄ㄧ 96錄二 9
A Review and Suggestions of the Water Leakage to improve problems in Taipei Area
No full text臺北地區屬人口稠密的都會型供水網，其供水普及率已高達99.49％。本研究目標是調查無費水量，及探討造成無費水量的原因和提出ㄧ些改善方法。
自水量產銷分析表可知每年臺北無費水量相當可觀，其中給水管線為漏水之大宗，佔所有漏水件數百分比高達九成以上，而管材中以PVC塑膠管修漏機率最高，另表差也為無費用水中僅次於漏水的主要因子。
改善控制無費水量方面，除持續進行一連串改善汰換管線、水表計量、強化輸配水系統監控功能、維護制水閥及取締竊水等方案外，並成立漏水改善專案小組，積極研擬各項防漏措施。The water supply system currently serves roughly 99.49% of the population in the Taipei area. The objective of this study is to investigate the amount of unaccounted-for water . Through finding the reasons causing the unaccounted-for water, several approaches for improvement were proposed.
Based on water output measures, the unaccounted-for water was tremendous. About 90% of deficiency was resulted from the leakage within water pipelines, especially of PVC pipes. Meter under-registration was also an important factor causing the unaccounted-for water.
In order to control and improve the unaccounted-for water, replace pipe infrastructure, meter measuring, implement stringent water supply system functions, maintain valves, and prosecute of illegal water connection, group a committee on water leakage improvements, are crucial.目 錄
頁 次
中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究目的及動機 1
1.2 研究內容 1
1.3 漏水量中心架構組織圖 2
1.4研究方法及步驟 3
1.5本論文內容架構組織 3
第二章 臺北地區漏水調查及分析概況 4
2.1 臺北自來水事業公供水概況 4
2.1.1 供水水源 6
2.1.2 供水區域 10
2.1.3 近十年來供水普及率及售水率之關係 11
2.2 IWA送配水系統水量平衡 13
2.2.1 IWA名詞解釋 14
2.2.2 總配水量分布表 15
2.2.3 九十二年度配水量及各項目別水量分析圖 17
2.3水量產銷分析之探討 19
2.3.1 用語解釋 21
第三章 漏水率相關因素及改善水表計量之分析探討 24
3.1 無費用損失型式架構圖 24
3.1.1 原水取水量及配水量之轉換效率 25
3.1.2原水至淨水場及淨水場至用戶漏水量之探討 29
3.2 配水量與漏水量及漏水率關係 30
3.3 壓力與漏水率關係 32
3.4 無費用水與漏水關係 39
3.4.1 無費用水率的數值 39
3.4.2 無費用水的成因 40
3.4.3 減少無費用水的方法 42
3.5 配水管、給水管管材及消防栓目前分布概況及管線管種
漏水之調查與探討 44
3.5.1 輸配水管及給水管水修漏概況探討分析 51
3.5.2 臺北自來水事業處各營業處分區修漏統計圖 52
3.5.3 94年2月份臺北自來水事業處給水管各管線及配件修漏分布圖 54
3.5.4 94年2月份臺北自來水事業處管線及配件修漏分布圖 56
3.5.5 94年2月份臺北自來水事業處管線及配件修復情形分布圖 59
3.6 不同口徑用戶數與用水量間之漏水關係 60
3.7 水量計的種類及表差之探討 62
3.7.1 大表型式分析統計比較表 63
3.7.2用戶大表計量問題解析魚骨圖 67
3.7.3水表之管理 68
3.7.4未來北水處如何改善水表計量 70
3.8 小結 72
第四章 漏水率原因控制改善方案及管理措施 73
4.1 漏水改善發展史 73
4.2 影響漏水的因素及原因 74
4.3 漏水檢測〈Leak Detection〉 76
4.3.1漏水聲音之種類 76
4.3.2測漏儀器 78
4.3.3測漏方法 80
4.4 漏水控制〈leakage control〉 83
4.5 臺北地區漏水控制現況之文獻整理 88
4.5.1關於過去執行管線維護以防止漏水之情形 91
4.6 IWA漏水管理四大主軸 92
4.7 廣義水量管理圖 95
4.8 自來水管網系統之防漏措施 96
4.9 漏水成本與檢修漏效益評估分析 98
4.9.1漏水的成本 98
4.9.2檢修漏之效益 99
4.9.3檢修漏的成效 99
4.9.4北水處檢修漏水的成效經費成果 102
4.10 小結 105
第五章 結論與建議 106
參考文獻 110
附註 115
附錄 116
表 目 錄
頁 次
表2.1-1、臺北自來水事業處配水情形 5
表2.1.1-1、各取水口量及百分比 7
表2.1.1-2、各淨水場每日處理水量 8
表2.1.3、近十年來供水普及率及售水率相關統計 12
表2.2.2、近十年來配水量分布統計 16
表2.3、臺北自來水事業處九十二年產銷水量分析表 20
表3.1.1-1、臺北原水取水量及配水量之相關統計 25
表3.1.2、原水至淨水場與淨水場至用戶漏水量之差異 29
表3.2、配水量與漏水量及漏水率之數據 31
表3.3、臺北自來水近十年來漏水率（無效水量）統計 34
表3.5-1、九十二年度輸水管管種分布比例 46
表3.5-2、九十二年度配水管管種分布比例 47
表3.5-3、臺北市消防栓數量統計表 50
表3.5.2-1、各營業分區用戶數與修漏分布比較 52
表3.5.3-1、比較給水管管種修漏的機率 55
表3.6-1、92年度臺北自來水事業處不同口徑用戶數與用水量統計表 61
表3.7.1-1、臺北自來水事業處使用中大表型式分析統計比較表1 63
表3.7.1-2、臺北自來水事業處使用中大表型式分析統計比較表2 63
表3.7.1-3、用戶用水量計性能比較表 64
表4.8、防漏作業項目及內容 97
表4.9.4、臺北自來水處檢修漏經費成果統計表 103
圖 目 錄
頁 次
圖1.3、漏水量架構流程圖 2
圖1.4、研究方法及步驟流程圖 3
圖2.1.1-1、臺北地區供水水源水系分布圖 7
圖2.1.1-2、臺北地區供水水源水系分布圖 8
圖2.1.1-3、臺北地區清水輸水系統分布圖 9
圖2.1.2、臺北供水區域及各營業分區分布圖 10
圖2.1.3、近十年來供水普及率及售水率相關圖 11
圖2.2.1、IWA送配水系統水量平衡架構圖 13
圖2.2.3、九十二年度配水量及各項目別水量分析圖 18
圖3.1、無費用水損失型式架構圖 24
圖3.1.1-1、單位原水轉換配水之比例 25
圖3.1.1-2、第二原水輸水系統建設路線圖 28
圖3.1.2、原水至淨水場與淨水場至用戶漏水量之差異圖 30
圖3.2、配水量與漏水量及漏水率關係圖 31
圖3.3-1、臺北自來水近十年來漏水率（無效水量）統計圖 34
圖3.3-2、平均水壓與漏水率關係示意圖 38
圖3.4.1、臺北自來水處歷年無費用水率及漏水量相關圖 39
圖3.4.1-1、臺北自來水處歷年無費用水率 40
圖3.5-1、九十二年度輸水管總長及管種分布 46
圖3.5-2、九十二年度配水管總長及管種分布 47
圖3.5-3、九十三年度配水管管種分布比例 48
圖3.5-4、九十三年度給水管管種分布概況 50
圖3.5.1-1、94年2月份輸、配、給水管漏水分布圖 51
圖3.5.1-2、92年度整年度輸配水管及給水管修漏水分布比例 51
圖3.5.2-1、94年2月份臺北自來水事業處各營業分區修漏統計圖 53
圖3.5.2-2、92年度整年度臺北自來水事業處各營業分區修漏統計圖 53
圖3.5.3-1、94年2月份給水管各管線及配件修漏分布圖 54
圖3.5.3-2、用戶接管圖 55
圖3.5.4-1、94年2月份管線及配件漏水原因分布圖 56
圖3.5.4-2、不同管種之龜裂比例圖 58
圖3.5.4-3、不同管種之腐蝕比例圖 58
圖3.5.5-1、管線及配件修復情形分布圖 59
圖3.7.1-1、北水處大表型式分布圖 65
圖3.7.1-2、北水處各口徑大表型式各佔百分比 65
圖3.7.1-3、北水處各口徑大表型式數量統計圖 66
圖3.7.1-4、94年北水處大表用水量及數量相對分布圖 66
圖3.7.2-1、用戶大表計量問題解析魚骨圖 67
圖4.3.2-1、聽音棒測漏儀 78
圖4.3.2-2、電子測漏儀 79
圖4.3.3-1、聽音檢漏器 80
圖4.3.3-2、電子聽音儀 81
圖4.3.3-3、相關式漏水探測儀 82
圖4.4-1、分區計量示意圖 85
圖4.4-2、小區測漏水表的安裝方式 86
圖4.6、IWA漏水管理四大主軸 94
圖4.7、廣義水量管理圖 95
圖4.9.4、檢測及修漏經費比較圖 10
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
