1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays on the economics of climate policy monitoring
No full textCette thèse vise à améliorer la compréhension de l'économie du suivi des GES dans les politiques climatiques, qui est la problématique principale de ce travail de recherche. À cet égard, cette thèse développe un cadre analytique général pour l'analyse de la surveillance, notification et vérification (MRV) dans les politiques climatiques à travers l’étude d’arbitrages clés – tels que le coût vs incertitude – ainsi que d'un modèle microéconomique pour évaluer l'impact des choix de règles du suivi sur la performance économique et environnementale des politiques climatiques. Alors que les expériences pratiques avec les mécanismes de tarification et de gestion du carbone les plus importants, ainsi que la modélisation microéconomique, démontrent qu'il n'y a pas de solution « miracle » concernant les règles MRV dans la politique climatique, cette thèse, néanmoins, tire trois leçons clés concernant la comptabilisation du carbone qui devraient aider les décideurs à concevoir des règles du suivi en fonction de leurs objectifs.Tout d'abord, en ce qui concerne la rigueur du suivi, il peut être conclu que les règles sur les incertitudes sont rarement exhaustives. Avec une exception importante de la mesure directe dans le SCEQE, les systèmes de comptabilisation du carbone existants ne fixent pas une exigence sur l'incertitude globale. Les exigences du suivi dans le cadre du MDP ont en partie suivi le principe de précaution – par le biais d'un choix conservateur d'incertitude pour certaines valeurs par défaut du GIEC ainsi que pour certaines variables surveillées. Le modèle microéconomique développé dans cette thèse démontre qu’en présence d'asymétrie d'information, ne pas comptabiliser l'incertitude conduit à des résultats économiques et environnementaux sous-optimaux.Deuxièmement, il a été démontré que les coûts de MRV sont soumis à un fort effet d'économie d'échelle, à la fois dans et entre les différents cadres de comptabilisation du carbone. Les régimes obligatoires doivent être particulièrement prudents avec les coûts qu'ils imposent aux entités réglementées parce qu'elles peuvent fausser le marché – par exemple en mettant des coûts plus élevés sur les petites entités – ou même entrainer des coûts non supportables pour certaines entreprises. Inversement, les systèmes de compensation, pour lesquels la participation est volontaire, ne peuvent pas entrainer la faillite des entreprises participantes du fait des coûts de MRV : s’ils sont trop élevés, les entreprises ne participeront tout simplement pas. En outre, l'un des intérêts de la mise en place d'un programme de compensation est de révéler des informations sur les possibilités de réduction des émissions, les techniques de surveillance et les coûts. Dans ce contexte, il y a une justification pour la hausse des coûts de MRV afin d'obtenir une meilleure information. Troisièmement, les coûts de surveillance sont aussi directement proportionnels à la rigueur du MRV. En effet un suivi plus précis s’accompagne habituellement par un coût plus important. Le régulateur doit donc faire face à un compromis entre les coûts et la qualité de l’information. Peu de systèmes de comptabilisation du carbone existants contiennent des dispositifs de flexibilité pour adapter les exigences de la précision aux coûts supportés par les parties prenantes. Ces dispositions peuvent prendre la forme de « seuils de minimis » (les niveaux d'émissions en dessous desquels la surveillance et la notification des émissions ne sont pas exigées), ou « seuils de matérialité » (les niveaux de seuil d'erreurs pour lesquels les erreurs sont tolérées lors de la vérification). ... (suite et fin du résumé dans la thèse)This dissertation aims at improving the understanding of the economics of monitoring in climate policy, which is the main problematic of this research work. To this end, this dissertation develops a general analytical framework for the analysis of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) in climate policy across several key tradeoffs – such as cost vs. uncertainty – as well as a microeconomic model to assess the impact of monitoring policy choice on the economic and environmental performance of climate policy. While the practical experiences with the most important carbon pricing and management mechanisms, as well as microeconomic modeling highlight that there is no “silver bullet” solution regarding MRV rules in climate policy, this dissertation, nevertheless, draws three key lessons regarding carbon accounting that should help policymakers design “silver bullets” depending on their objectives.First, regarding the stringency of monitoring, it can be concluded that the rules for monitoring uncertainty are rarely exhaustive. With an important exception of direct measurement in the EU ETS, existing carbon accounting systems do not set a requirement on the overall uncertainty of a given source. The CDM monitoring requirements have partly followed the conservativeness principle, mainly through a conservative choice of uncertainty bounds for some IPCC default values as well as for some monitored variables. The microeconomic model developed in this dissertation demonstrates that in the presence of information asymmetry not accounting for monitoring uncertainty leads to suboptimal economic and environmental outcomes of climate policy.Second, it was demonstrated that MRV costs are subject to a strong economy-of-scale effect both across and within different carbon accounting frameworks. Indeed, MRV costs decrease with the comprehensiveness of the perimeter: the larger and the more comprehensive a scheme, the lower the MRV costs. Mandatory schemes must be especially careful with the costs that they impose on regulated entities as these may distort the market – for example by putting higher costs on smaller entities – or even put unbearable burden on some firms. Conversely, offset schemes, in which participation is voluntary, cannot bankrupt participating companies through MRV costs: if they are too high, companies simply do not participate. Moreover, one of the interests of running an offset scheme is to reveal information on abatement opportunities, monitoring techniques and costs. In this context, there is a rationale for higher MRV costs in order to obtain better information.Third, monitoring costs are also directly proportional to MRV stringency, as more accurate monitoring usually comes at an increasing cost. The regulator therefore has to deal with a tradeoff between information quality and monitoring costs. Few existing carbon accounting systems incorporate flexibility provisions to adapt uncertainty requirements to the cost incurred by stakeholders. These provisions may take the form of de minimis thresholds (that is, threshold levels of emissions under which monitoring and reporting are not required), or “materiality thresholds” (that is, threshold levels of errors under which errors are tolerated during verification). They can also take a more continuous form, for example by increasing the cost of compliance or discounting the benefits from carbon credits in proportion to the uncertainty of monitoring. The microeconomic model developed in this dissertation demonstrates that in choosing the monitoring policy to address uncertainty – prescribing the error, setting maximum uncertainty thresholds or applying a discount – the regulator has to balance welfare, risk and undue wealth transfers
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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