1,720,962 research outputs found
'Total Peace' and the War on Drugs: Basuco, violence and harm reduction in Bogotá, Colombia
No full textHarm reduction has primarily developed as a bio-behavioural response to the health harms faced by people who use drugs, notably injected opioids, in the Global North. In Bogotá, Colombia the primary drug of concern is neither injected nor opioid, rather it is a form of smokeable cocaine, known as basuco. In this Global South, conflict-affected setting, drugs and drug policy have played a major role in both violence and attempts at peace. The status of basuco as a non-injected, non-opioid illegal drug with a close association with these larger socio-political phenomena makes it - and the lives of people who use it - a valuable case to test the limits of the dominant harm reduction paradigm.
Combining Galtung's theory of violence and zemiological categories of harm, this critical realist, ethnographic study contributes to the development of harm reduction policy, practice and theory in this context. It does so based on data collected through 41 semi-structured interviews, and eleven months of participant observation, sketching, photography and creative workshops among street-based people who use basuco.
It finds that people who use basuco in Bogotá are subject to compounded violence at the intersection of the Colombian internal conflict and the global War on Drugs. A cycle of direct, structural and cultural violence produces harms far broader than those addressed by bio-behavioural harm reduction interventions, occurring across four interdependent zemiological categories of physical, economic, emotional and cultural harm. Common components of the generative mechanisms of harm across these categories include stigma and marginalisation, criminalisation and criminal violence, abstinence-dominated norms around drug use, a constraining global political economy, and the legacy and continued impact of the internal conflict.
Reducing harm requires reducing the violence that produces it - or building peace. This study argues for more comprehensive and context-aware form of harm reduction, which could amount to an inclusive peace process in the War on Drugs. Developments in the Colombian peace process since 2022, under the Petro administration's banner of 'Total Peace', have begun to address the violence and harms faced by people who use basuco. Greater focus on the specific generative mechanisms of harm faced by people who use basuco could support greater reductions in these harms. This requires structural change towards more peaceful social conditions. Using Archer's concept of morphogenesis, this thesis argues that such change is possible by influencing the options agents have to respond to social conditions, thereby reshaping those conditions
Global state of harm reduction 2018.
Get PDFThe 2018 Global State of Harm Reduction report contains information on:
• The number of people who inject drugs and the number of people imprisoned for drug use (where data is available).
• Needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST), HIV and hepatitis C and TB testing and treatment for people who use drugs, in both the community and in prisons.
• The harm reduction response for people who use amphetamine-type stimulants, cocaine and its derivatives, and new psychoactive substances.
• Drug-checking in nightlife settings.
• Harm reduction for women who use drugs.
• Drug consumption rooms.
• Drug-related mortality and morbidity and the overdose response, as well as naloxone peer-distribution in the community and naloxone provision in prisons.
• Developments and regressions in funding for harm reduction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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