1,720,959 research outputs found
Transactive energy solution in a port's microgrid based on blockchain technology
No full textIn the last decade, the importance of modern grids is more sensible than before due to provided higher efficiency, reduced peak demand, improved security resulting in the alteration of grid shape from conventional grids to smart grids. The case study is the port of Long Beach (POLB), placed in California, which consists of 11 independent piers operating as a single microgrid that has an independent energy management system. This paper proposes an integrated energy management strategy based on blockchain technology for the POLB including all piers that significantly reduce the amount of peak power imposing extra cost from the port manager's point of view. In addition, the benefits of smart grids that are operating based on blockchain technology, such as high-level security, and efficient maintenance cost, will be discussed
Investigating EV Charging Station in LAMBDA Microgrid for V2B Applications
No full textThe advent of bidirectional chargers in electric vehicles (EVs) has unlocked the potential for innovative technologies like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) systems. This paper focuses on the initial phase of the EV charging station at LAMBDA MG Lab, where the advantages of V2B technology are explored. By leveraging V2G capabilities through optimized operations, the implementation at LAMBDA MG Lab offers several key benefits, including enhanced energy flexibility, significant cost savings in energy bills, and efficient management of peak demand
Compact and smart outdoor medium/low voltage substation for energy communities
No full textEnergy transition toward smart grids with deep impact of renewables, energy storage systems, and EV charging stations will increasingly promote the establishment of energy communities that own portions of the electricity grid. The energy communities will consist of clusters of multi-unit buildings and or single residential units aggregated sharing a common or multiple medium and low voltage (MV/LV) electrical substations. The size and impact of the location of these MV/LV substations can constitute a barrier especially for highly urbanized contexts where it is very complicated to provide technical spaces inside buildings for large technical systems like transformers, MV switchgear, etc. The idea of this work consists of developing a compact outdoor MV/LV substation to reduce the overall dimensions and to make the execution modularized to facilitate management and maintenance. Also an investigation of energy exchange between multi-unit buildings which are considered as the real energy community case study. The main objective for this case study is to minimize the operation cost of the system by maximizing the self-consumption
A Comprehensive techno-economic solution for demand control in ports. Energy storage systems integration
No full textThe specific types of loads such as cranes, in particular, ship to shore (STS), rubber tyred gantry (RTG), rail mounted gantry (RMG) and cold ironing system in the ports present a distinctive load profile, due to their sudden peak load demand. To deal with the problem and avoid extra costs, it is possible to apply a delay time management to cranes operation and/or to implement energy storage systems (ESSs) to take benefit of regenerative energy. At this aim, the load profile characteristics require both energy storage with high power and energy densities and fast response time. Peak shaving can optimize the load demand and facilitate the participation of small power generation units based on renewable energy resources. In this regard, many approaches are introduced such as energy management strategies, modern technologies, and installing high-tech devices such as battery energy storage (BES), ultracapacitors (UCs), and flywheel energy storage (FES) acting as ESS. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to deal with an investigation for an integrated vision and a combination of ESSs application in the ports loads. Since the ports cannot persist to have independent and uncontrolled power systems, hence, the paper proposes the organization of their global design in a microgrid approach and the coordinated management for all the services such as cranes, reefers, col ironing, trucks, offices to increase the operation and energy performance. The statistical results show that the integration of ESSs can provide peak shaving, energy saving, and cost reduction in ports
Real-time PLC-based control for microgrid operations using SCADA system
No full textNowadays, significant advancements and semiconductor technologies in the field of microprocessor manufacturing provide high-volume memory, manufacturing, and production of programmable logic controllers (PLC). In these controllers, to change the logic of the control, it is sufficient to change only the control program without changing the wiring or devices. Easy installation and programming, short response time, high-speed control, simple testing and troubleshooting, network capability, as well as a noticeable reduction in wiring volume compared to traditional relay systems leading to PLC, have become one of the main pillars of the automation system. On the other hand, the use of microgrids as distributed power generation products to provide simultaneous electricity and heat, greenhouse gas emissions, and losses reduction in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, which is the most modern method of controlling and monitoring of automation systems. In this paper, we demonstrate how to test and program one of the Siemens PLCs called S7-1200 with the aid of TIA Portal V15 software to control the LAMBDA microgrid, placed at the University of Sapienza Rome that includes feeders related to photovoltaic panels, storage batteries and loads, in both grid-connected and island performance
Intelligent energy management based on SCADA system in a real Microgrid for smart building applications
Full text linkEnergy management is one of the main challenges in Microgrids (MGs) applied to Smart Buildings (SBs). Hence, more studies are indispensable to consider both modeling and operating aspects to utilize the upcoming results of the system for the different applications. This paper presents a novel energy management architecture model based on complete Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system duties in an educational building with an MG Laboratory (Lab) testbed, which is named LAMBDA at the Electrical and Energy Engineering Department of the Sapienza University of Rome. The LAMBDA MG Lab simulates in a small scale a SB and is connected with the DIAEE electrical network. LAMBDA MG is composed of a Photovoltaic generator (PV), a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), a smart switchboard (SW), and different classified loads (critical, essential, and normal) some of which are manageable and controllable (lighting, air conditioning, smart plugs operating into the LAB). The aim of the LAMBDA implementation is making the DIAEE smart for energy saving purposes. In the LAMBDA Lab, the communication architecture consists in a complex of master/slave units and actuators carried out by two main international standards, Modbus (industrial serial standard for electrical and technical monitoring systems) and Konnex (an open standard for commercial and domestic building automation). Making the electrical department smart causes to reduce the required power from the main grid. Hence, to achieve the aims, results have been investigated in two modes. Initially, the real-time mode based on the SCADA system, which reveals real daily power consumption and production of different sources and loads. Next, the simulation part is assigned to shows the behavior of the main grid, loads and BESS charging and discharging based on energy management system. Finally, the proposed model has been examined in different scenarios and evaluated from the economic aspect
Optimal self-scheduling of a real energy hub considering local DG units and demand response under uncertainties
No full textIn this paper, a cost-based mathematical optimization is used to evaluate the optimal amount of imported power from the public main grid to a private microgrid, that is the LAMBDA lab Microgrid testbed placed at Sapienza University of Rome. In this regard, this study considers five tests based on using different sources, including a photovoltaic array, an emergency generator set, a fuel cell and the main grid, for load satisfaction. The LAMBDA lab can be considered as a multi-source multi-output energy hub with three optional sources and both electrical and heat demands in output. This paper considers photovoltaic production and load demand as indeterministic parameters and evaluates the problem under uncertainties. As a result, a stochastic programming model is defined, and a powerful optimization function is used to reach the optimal power received from the main grid. In addition, information gap decision theory (IGDT) is used to model the robustness of the problem against uncertainties associated with renewable generation unit (Photovoltaic system) and electricity loads applied on a real case for the first time. In the result section, the contribution of each source in electrical and heat load demands is presented in addition to the cost of each test by evaluating the effect of DR of 15%. Finally, a comparison between the stochastic programming method and IGDT has been accomplished
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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