1,721,014 research outputs found
Human resource management, innovation and performance : looking across levels
Get PDFStudies are starting to explore the role of human resource management (HRM) in fostering organisational innovation, but empirical evidence remains contradictory and theory fragmented. This is partly because extant literature by and large adopts a unitary level of analysis, rather than reflecting on the multi-level demands that innovation presents. Building on an emergent literature focused on HRM's role in shaping innovation, we shed light on the question of whether, and how, HRM might influence employees' innovative behaviours in the direction of strategically important goals. Drawing upon institutional theory, our contributions are threefold: to bring out the effect of two discrete HRM configurations – one underpinned by a control and the other by an entrepreneurial ethos, on attitudes and behaviours at the individual level; to reflect the way in which employee innovative behaviours arising from these HRM configurations coalesce to shape higher-level phenomena, such as organisational-level innovation; and to bring out two distinct patterns of bottom-up emergence, one driven primarily by composition and the other by both composition and compilation
The impact of perceived human resource management system strength on older workers' mental well-being, in-role performance behaviours, and satisfaction with learning opportunities
Get PDFThe number and proportion of older workers in the workforce is increasing. This thesisexamined the effect of normal psychological aging on the future time perspective and goalorientation of this demographic group, and the effects that these age-related changes have onin-role performance behaviours, satisfaction with the learning opportunities afforded to themby their organisation, and their mental well-being. The work is grounded in socioemotionalselectivity theory (SST, Carstensen, 1992, 1993,1995; Carstensen & Charles, 1998;Carstensen, Isaacowitz & Charles, 1999) which postulates that as people age they perceivetheir future as increasingly limited and achieve greater emotional control. They resultantlybecome progressively less focused on developmental goals. This thesis examined howemployee perceptions of human resource management system strength (Bowen & Ostroff,2004) change the relationship between time perspective and goal orientation, and thus themagnitude of the effects of goal orientation on the outcome variables. To facilitate this, itwas necessary to develop survey-based measurement instruments to measure goalorientation and positive emotional experience (Study 1), and to adapt an existing measure ofHRM system strength to suit the sample population in Study 2. This latter study collectedmulti-source data from 151 employees and their line manager, using a survey method.Mediation and moderated mediation analysis revealed that changing time perspective, rather than age per se, accounts for changes in employee goal orientation, which mediates the relationship between time perspective and employee mental well-being, but not performance or satisfaction with learning opportunities. This mediation effect was then shown to be moderated by how strong employees perceive the human resource management system to be,as implemented by their line manager, thus demonstrating how line managers can materially affect the mental well-being of their direct reports. This is particularly important during periods of high levels of organisational change activity when employees are expected to learn new materials, processes and work within changing team structures
Enhancing creativity in a general work environment : the role of problem-solving demand
Get PDFPrior research suggests management can employ cognitively demanding job attributes to promote employee creativity. However, it is not clear what specific type of cognitive demand is particularly important for creativity, what processes underpin the relationship between demanding job conditions and creativity and what factors lead to employee perceptions of demanding job attributes. This research sets out to address the aforementioned issues by examining: (i) problem-solving demand (PDS), a specific type of cognitive demand, and the processes that link PSD to creativity, and (ii) antecedents to PSD. Based on social cognitive theory, PSD was hypothesized to be positively related to creativity through the motivational mechanism of creative self-efficacy. However, the relationship between PSD and creative self-efficacy was hypothesized to be contingent on levels of intrinsic motivation. Social information processing perspective and the job crafting model were used to identify antecedents of PSD. Consequently, two social-contextual factors (supervisor developmental feedback and job autonomy) and one individual factor (proactive personality) were hypothesized to be precursors to PSD perceptions. The theorized model was tested with data obtained from a sample of 270 employees and their supervisors from 3 organisations in the People’s Republic of China. Regression results revealed that PSD was positively related to creativity but this relationship was partially mediated by creative self-efficacy. Additionally, intrinsic motivation moderated the relationship between PSD and creative self-efficacy such that the relationship was stronger for individuals high rather than low in intrinsic motivation. The findings represent a productive first step in identifying a specific cognitive demand that is conducive to employee creativity. In addition, the findings contribute to the literature by identifying a psychological mechanism that may link cognitively demanding job attributes and creativity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interorganizational innovation and collaboration in the UK medical device sector
Get PDFInterorganizational team research is a growing body of literature and research has started toexamine team related factors such as interorganizational trust (i.e. Stock, 2006) in theinterorganizational setting. This research applies insights from the intraorganizational teamfield into the interorganizational team setting in order to determine the team related factorspertaining to effective collaboration in medical device innovation projects.Interorganizational collaboration has been a persistent feature within the interorganizationalrelations literature, due to the added benefits that can come with working collaborativelytowards a common goal (Berg-Weger & Schnieder, 1998). While much research has exploredthe structures and performance outcomes of engaging in this cross-boundary working, theliterature is sparse with respect to interpersonal relationships, practices and processes leadingto effective collaboration (Bergenholtz & Waldstrom, 2011; Majchrzak, Jarvenpaa & Bargherz,2015). An interpretivist perspective has informed an exploratory mixed methods approach to datacollection, with contextual insights informing each phase of data collection. Three exploratoryphases of data collection have provided (1) qualitative ethnography data, (1i) qualitativeinterview data and (2) quantitative survey data. The NHS has recently set out agendas to increase innovative procurement (Department ofHealth, 2008), work more closely with industry and SMEs (Innovation and Procurement Plan:Department of Health, 2009) and to increase innovative practice (IHW: NHS, 2011). SMEsdeveloping novel medical devices require input from the NHS to ensure that their devices areclinically applicable and therefore will be adopted by the NHS. These contextual insightsprovide the backdrop for Studies 1i and 2. The findings suggest that the intraorganizational team literature can be extended into theinterorganizational collaboration literature, whilst also explaining the factors relating toeffectiveness and success of interorganizational team innovation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Creativity Training
Get PDFGlobal competition and the ever more rapid emergence of new products and services means the ability to innovate and solve problems has become critical for organisational survival and prosperity (Anderson, Potočnik and Zhou, 2014). Many strategies have been adopted by organisations to enhance their innovativeness and one of the most popular is in terms of conducting creativity training for employees. Within this chapter, I discuss how widespread the use of creativity training is, the main types of interventions used in organisations, review the literature for evidence of their effectiveness and then offer some personal reflections on developing and implementing a new creativity training model (CLEAR IDEAS) for organisations. The chapter will finish off with some practical guidelines on what make for more effective creativity training interventions
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