1,720,968 research outputs found
PREVENTION OF SUPERCOOLING AND STABILIZATION OF INORGANIC SALT HYDRATES AS LATENT-HEAT STORAGE MATERIALS
No full textVarious inorganic salt hydrates have been studied as a latent heat storage medium. A super-absorbent polymer (SAP) made from an acrylic acid copolymer is proposed as an effective thickener to prevent undesirable phase separation of the high hydrate inorganic salts (Na2SO4. 10H2O, Na2HPO4 . 12H2O, Na2CO3 . 10H2O). Most of these materials can be stabilized by the addition of 3 to 5 wt% SAP as a thickener. For the low hydrate inorganic salts (CH3COONa. 3H2O, Na2S2O3.5H2O), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is found to be an effective thickener. Similarly, the phase separation of the low hydrate salts can be prevented by the addition of 2 to 4 wt% thickener. To overcome the supercooling of the thickened phase change materials, various potential nucleators have been evaluated. For the thickened Glauber's salt, borax reduces supercooling of the salt from 15 to 3-4-degrees-C. Three different powders of carbon (1.5-6.7-mu-m), copper (1.5-2.5-mu-m) and titanium oxide (2-200-mu-m) are found to reduce the supercooling of thickened Na2HPO4 . 12H2O. Also, the supercooling of thickened CH3COONa . 3H2O is reduced from 20 to 2-3-degrees-C by adding 2 wt% potassium sulfate. New compositions for preventing supercooling and phase separation of PCMs are developed in the temperature range 30-60-degrees-C: Glauber's salt/SAP/borax (94/3/3 wt%, T(m) = 32-degrees-C), Na2CO3 . 10H2O/SAP/Sr(OH)2 (93/3/4 wt%, T(m) = 32-degrees-C), Na2HPO4 . 12H2O (92.8/3.5/3.7 wt%, Tm = 35-degrees-C), Na2S2O3 . 5H2O/CMC/SrSO4 (92/3/5 wt%, T(m) = 48-degrees-C), CH3COONa . 3H2O/CMC/K2SO4 (95/3/2 wt%, T(m) = 58-degrees-C).Ministry of Engergy and Resources of Kore
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Induction of apoptosis by takrisodokyeum through generation of hydrogen peroxide and activation of caspase-3 in HL-60 cells
No full textTakrisodokyeum (TRSDY), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been known to exert anti-tumoral activity in Korea. However, its molecular mechanism of action is not understood. In this study, we found that TRSDY induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells as evidenced by both a characteristic ladder pattern of discontinuous DNA fragments and an increase of annexin V+/PI- stained cell population. Our data demonstrated that TRSDY-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and cleavages of its substrates, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI-2; also called D4-GDI) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Caspase-3 inhibitor, but not caspase-1 inhibitor, prevented TRSDY-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with TRSDY increased the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and pretreatment of cells with anti-oxidants conferred complete protection against hydrogen peroxide generation and subsequent caspase-3 activation. Taken together, these results suggest that TRSDY induces hydrogen peroxide generation, which, in turn, causes activation of caspase-3, degradation of PARP and D4-GDI, and eventually leads to apoptotic cell death. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fructus Benincasae Recens extract prevents cytokine-induced nitric oxide formation and cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells
No full textCytokines produced by immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets are important mediators of beta-cell destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, the effects of Fructus Benincasae Recens (FBR) extract on cytokine-induced beta-cell dysfunction were examined. Fructus Benineasae Recens extract completely protected interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-mediated cytotoxicity in rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F). Incubation with FBR extract resulted in a significant reduction of IL-1beta and IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, a finding that correlated well with reduced levels of the inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein. The molecular mechanism by which FBR extract inhibited iNOS gene expression appeared to involve the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Our results revealed the possible therapeutic value of FBR extract for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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