1,720,956 research outputs found
Identification and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococci isolated from cottage cheese (ayib) and yoghurt (ergo) in selected districts of jimma zone, Ethiopia
No full textStaphylococci are the main cause of food borne intoxication and food borne outbreaks
worldwide due to its ubiquity and ability to persist and grow under various conditions. A crosssectional study was carried out between the periods of May 2014 to March 2015 with the aims to
investigate the occurrence of Staphylococcus, determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus and
evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates from cottage cheese (Ayib) and
yoghurt (Ergo) collected from selected districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Identification of the
staphylococci was undertaken using Gram's staining, catalase, sugar fermentation and coagulase
tests on 400 samples (cottage cheese = 200, yoghurt = 200) collected by simple random sampling
technique. The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus in this study was found to be 14.3% with a
specific prevalence of 22% in cottage cheese and 6.5% in yoghurt. The difference on the
prevalence of staphylococci between cottage cheese and yoghurt was found to be statistically
significant (P<0.05). Four species of staphylococci were identified and their prevalence was
confirmed to be 5%, 3.5%, 3.3% and 5.8% for S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. hyicus and coagulase
negative staphylococci respectively. The specific prevalences in cheese and yoghurt for each
species respectively were 7% and 3% (S.aureus), 5.5% and 1.5% (S. intermedius), 4% and 2.5%
(S. hyicus), and 9.5% and 2% (coagulase negative staphylococci). The identification results
showed that the contamination of cottage cheese with staphylococcus was more likely to occur
than yoghurt (OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 2.1-7.8). The disc diffusion assay of 70 isolates against five
biogram revealed the highest resistance to penicillin G (65.7%) followed by tetracycline
(41.4%), streptomycin (37.1%), gentamycin (35.7%) and kanamycin (28.6%). A large proportion
of the isolates (87.1%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The staphylococci found in
cottage cheese and yoghurt was could be due to traditional methods of milking, handling,
preparing, storing, selling and hygienic status of the personnel. The high antimicrobial resistance
of the staphylococcal isolate observed might be due to indiscriminate use of the drug at the study
area. Hence, sanitary measures and awareness creations are needed to improve the hygienic
conditions of cheese and yoghurt from farm-to-table continuum as well as proper use of
antimicrobials in order to guarantee the health and quality of these highly popular products
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Review on Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
Get PDFFoodborne diseases are of major concern worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common foodborne diseases in both humans and animals globally, resulting from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed in food by enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci, mainly S. aureus. Staphylococci survive desiccation and tolerate high levels of salt. Staphylococcal cells are destroyed by heat but if they have already produced enterotoxins in a food, the toxins will survive approved doses of irradiation and some thermal processes, including pasteurization. Any food that provides a good medium for the growth of staphylococci may be implicated in this type of foodborne illness. The foods involved in different countries vary with the diet as well as the local conditions. Staphylococcal toxins could be used as a biological agent (bioterrorist attack). Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, retching, Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and prostration and in more severe cases, headache, muscle cramping, and transient changes in blood pressure and pulse rate may occur. The enterotoxins are identified by specific antibodies, which are the basis of the detection methods. There is no effective long term decolonization therapy for S. aureus carrier. Keywords: Enterotoxin, Foodborne, Staphylococci, Food poisoning, S. aureu
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
