1,720,956 research outputs found
Aetiological factors in the pathogenesis of male genital lichen sclerosus, penile precancer and penile cancer
Get PDFMale genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) results in sexual and urological dysfunction and predisposes to penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSCC). The pathogenesis of MGLSc is controversial. Evidence has accumulated that it is due to chronic, occluded exposure to urine caused by post-micturition microincontinence. Infection with hepatitis C (HCV) or human papillomavirus (HPV), autoimmunity and HLA immunogenotype have been incriminated. PeIN and PSCC are associated with HPV and MGLSc. Down-regulation of the gene Cables 1 (associated with squamous carcinogenesis) has been reported in MGLSc. The role of HLA in PeIN and PSCC is unknown.
Urinary microincontinence, HPV, HLA, HCV and Cables 1 have been investigated in MGLSc (n=88), PeIN (n=72) and PSCC (n=37). Clinical charts were reviewed retrospectively for microincontinence. HCV antibody titres were assayed serologically. Cables 1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of biopsies. DNA was extracted from blood and tissue for broad-spectrum HPV and comprehensive HLA typing by specific and sensitive PCR-based methodologies.
Nearly 90% of men with GLSc (p=<0.01) had post-micturition microincontinence. HPV was identified in 37.5% of cases of MGLSc (n=88), 90.2% PeIN and 54.1% PSCC. MGLSc was associated with 34.7% cases of PeIN. No significant HLA associations were found in MGLSc. Significant (p<0.05) HLA associations were i) susceptibility to a) PeIN (C*15) - specifically HPV16 +ve PeIN (C*15, DQA1*02, DQA1*03) and b) HPV16 +ve PSCC (B*57), and ii) protection against PeIN (DQA1*01). No association between HCV and MGLSc was found. Cables 1 expression was normal.
Microincontinence and urinary exposure are implicated in the pathogenesis of MGLSc. HPV is involved in the pathogenesis of PeIN and PSCC but associated with MGLSc only as a passenger phenomenon. Immunogenotype may play a role in the pathogenesis of PeIN and PSCC but not of MGLSc. HCV and Cables 1 are not important in MGLSc.Open Acces
Career intention of dermatology trainees following completion of training
Get PDFDermatology within the United Kingdom is facing significant challenges on service provision. Dermatology registrars/trainees are the backbone for future National Health Service but there is a lack of literature on their career intentions following completion of training.
We conducted semi-structured one-to-one interviews of ten senior dermatology registrars within the West Midlands. Information on demographics, career intention and factors influencing career decision were collected. A thematic analysis was used.
The majority of trainees felt ready to become a consultant and considered taking up substantive consultant role. Personal and professional factors equally influenced career decision. Concerns related to training revealed three themes: individual support, organisational issues and training curriculum.
The study highlighted trainees’ range of career trajectories is a multifactorial process. Our findings have provided an understanding of contemporary issues within dermatology training from a more personal level and the data may offer an important avenue for future research within dermatology education
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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