1,721,051 research outputs found
Migration, sorting and regional inequality : evidence from Bangladesh
Full text linkUsing household level data from Bangladesh, this paper examines the differences in the rates of return to household attributes over the entire welfare distribution. The empirical evidence uncovers substantial differences in returns between an integrated region contiguous to the country's main growth centers, and a less integrated region cut-off from those centers by major rivers. The evidence suggests that households with better observed and unobserved attributes (such as education and ability) are concentrated in the integrated region where returns are higher. Within each region, mobility of workers seems to equalize returns at the lower half of the distribution. The natural border created by the rivers appears to hinder migration, causing returns differences between the regions to persist. To reduce regional inequality in welfare in Bangladesh, the results highlight the need for improving connectivity between the regions, and for investing in portable assets of the poor (such as human capital).Population Policies,Access to Finance,Rural Poverty Reduction,Poverty Lines,Debt Markets
Mobility Costs and Regional Inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh
No full textIn most developing countries, households in lagging areas earn much lower returns to their attributes compared with similar households in leading areas. This paper compare returns differences between an integrated region that houses main growth centers and a less integrated region which remains cutoff from these centers by large rivers. We find that higher mobility costs resulting from lack of connectivity to growth centers reduces returns for all households in less integrated regions. The magnitude of reduction is larger for the poorer households. Within a region, migration between geographically contiguous rural and urban areas equalizes returns for the poorer households.
Migration, Sorting and Regional Inequality : Evidence from Bangladesh
No full textUsing household level data from
Bangladesh, this paper examines the differences in the rates
of return to household attributes over the entire welfare
distribution. The empirical evidence uncovers substantial
differences in returns between an integrated region
contiguous to the country's main growth centers, and a
less integrated region cut-off from those centers by major
rivers. The evidence suggests that households with better
observed and unobserved attributes (such as education and
ability) are concentrated in the integrated region where
returns are higher. Within each region, mobility of workers
seems to equalize returns at the lower half of the
distribution. The natural border created by the rivers
appears to hinder migration, causing returns differences
between the regions to persist. To reduce regional
inequality in welfare in Bangladesh, the results highlight
the need for improving connectivity between the regions, and
for investing in portable assets of the poor (such as human capital)
Understanding the Sources of Spatial Disparity and Convergence : Evidence from Bangladesh
No full textThis paper utilizes the mixed effects
model to measure and decompose spatial disparity in per
capita expenditure in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010. It
finds a significant decline in spatial disparity in urban
areas and the country as a whole but no substantial change
in rural areas. The decomposition analysis indicates that
average years of education, the percentage of households
with electricity connections, and phone ownership account
for most of the spatial variations in welfare. Spatial
convergence in urban areas can be explained primarily by the
expansion of electricity and phone networks for household
use. Improved access to these services had little effect on
spatial disparity in rural areas. This paper offers several
explanations for the difference in convergence rates between
urban and rural areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evidence from Sri Lanka
No full textThis paper analyzes the effects of land
market restrictions on structural change from agriculture to
non-farm in a rural economy. This paper develops a
theoretical model that focuses on higher migration costs due
to restrictions on alienability, and identifies the
possibility of a reverse structural change where the share
of nonagricultural employment declines. The reverse
structural change can occur under plausible conditions: if
demand for the non-agricultural good is income-inelastic
(assuming the non-farm good is non-tradable), or
non-agriculture is less labor intensive relative to
agriculture (assuming the non-farm good is tradable). For
identification, this paper exploits a natural experiment in
Sri Lanka where historical malaria played a unique role in
land policy. The empirical evidence indicates significant
adverse effects of land restrictions on manufacturing and
services employment, rural wages, and per capita household
consumption. The evidence on the disaggregated occupational
choices suggests that land restrictions increase wage
employment in agriculture, but reduce it in manufacturing
and services, with no perceptible effects on self-employment
in non-agriculture. The results are consistent with the
migration costs model, but contradict two widely discussed
alternative mechanisms: collateral effect and property
rights insecurity. This paper also provides direct evidence
in favor of the migration costs mechanism
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The spatial division of labor in Nepal
Full text linkthe authors examine how economic activity and market participation are distributed across space. Applying a nonparametric von Thunen model to Nepalese data, the authors uncover a strong spatial divisionof labor. Nonfarm employment is concentrated in and around cities, while agricultural wage employment dominates villages located further away. Vegetables are produced near urban centers. Paddy and commercial crops are more important at intermediate distances. Isolated villages revert to self-subsistence. The findings of the study are consistent with the von Thunen model of concentric specialization, corrected to account for city size. Spatial division of labor is closely related to factor endowments and household characteristics, especially at the local level.Environmental Economics&Policies,Housing&Human Habitats,Urban Housing and Land Settlements,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,National Urban Development Policies&Strategies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Housing&Human Habitats,Urban Housing and Land Settlements,National Urban Development Policies&Strategies,Crops&Crop Management Systems
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