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Early Diagnosis of Lung Tumors for Extending Patients’ Life Using Deep Neural Networks
Get PDFFunding Information: Funding Statement: This work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2023R 509) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project from the Ministry of Education (MOE) and National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, (109-2628-E-224-001-MY3), and in part by Isuzu Optics Corporation. Dr. Shih-Yu Chen is the corresponding author. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe
泰勒法則下不同產出缺口估計之台灣地區實證研究
No full text自利率自由化以來，我國中央銀行較為重視貨幣總計數的成長，並逐年設定與公布貨幣成長目標區，以便達成對內、對外價格穩定及促進經濟成長。事實上，僅重視貨幣數量的穩定易造成利率的上下波動，而僅重視隔夜拆款利率的穩定易造成貨幣數量的高低起伏，因此，中央銀行在穩定物價的前提下，雖然重視貨幣數量的成長，亦須適時兼顧短期利率的穩定。
在對抗通貨膨脹與景氣衰退時，中央銀行是否有一個簡單的政策法則可以做為貨幣政策的參考與依據，並可同時提供各界解釋與預測短期利率的變動方向？一九九三年由Stanford大學John Taylor教授所提出的「泰勒法則 (Taylor rule) 」，便是一項用以分析和預測美國聯邦資金利率 (Federal funds rate) 走勢的模型，由於該法則之形式簡潔、極具參考價值，因此廣為各界所引用。
泰勒法則認為短期利率之調整，乃是以產出缺口與通貨膨脹率缺口二者為依據，所形成的政策反應函數。當產出與物價的實際值高於目標值時提高利率，反之，當產出與物價的實際值低於目標值時便降低利率；並且，經由短期名目利率的調整，使得穩定實質產出與通貨膨脹兩目標均得以達成。然而在實務上，產出缺口是一個無法實際觀察到的變數，過去文獻大多利用時間序列的方法來做估計，故本文便採用其中的Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP filter) 及Beveridge-Nelson filter (BN filter) 兩種濾波模型對產出缺口加以估計。
本研究嘗試以不同方式對產出缺口進行估計，且將結果帶入泰勒法則以估算出我國隔夜拆款利率，並比較不同濾波模型為基礎的泰勒法則估計結果之差異。最後所得到的結論為：在推估產出缺口方面建議還是採用HP filter法為適。此外，若能將「外生性技術進步趨勢項」因素加以考量並擴充模型，則所得之產出缺口估計值會更為精準，並對於將其代入泰勒法則之結果有所裨益。Since the liberalization of the interest, the central bank of Taiwan puts more emphasis on the growth of monetary quantity. By setting and declaring the target value of it, the central bank of Taiwan can reach the price stabilization and the promotion of economic growth. In fact, only caring for the stabilization of the monetary quantity may lead to the fluctuation of the interest rate, and only minding the stabilization of the interest can result rise and fall in the monetary quantity. Therefore, under the presupposition of price stabilization, the central bank should focus on the importance to not only the growth of monetary quantity but also interest stabilization at the same time.
When competing with the inflation and recession, is there a simple policy rule of the central bank to be the reference and basis of monetary policy, and meanwhile to provide the public to explain and predict the variable trend of short-term interest rate? The “Taylor rule” by John Taylor in Stanford University in 1993 is a model to analyze and predict Federal funds rate. Due to the simple and clear form of this rule, as well as its referential value, it leads to a variety of applications in the academic and practical fields.
The Taylor rule suggests that the adjustment of short-term interest rate is a function of policy reaction based on the output gap and inflation rate gap. While actual value of output and price is higher than goal value, then interest rate rises, whereas actual value of output and price is lower than goal value, the interest rate lowers. Therefore, through the adjustment of short-term nominal interest rate, two goals of steadying real output and inflation can be reached. However, in practice, output gap is an unobserved variable. Past literature most used time series methods to estimate it. Consequently, in the context I will use two filter models, Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP filter) and Beveridge-Nelson filter (BN filter), to estimate output gap.
This research first tries to use different methods to estimate the output gap, and then make use of the results in the Taylor rule to estimate the overnight interest rate in Taiwan, as well as compare with the differences of Taylor rule based on two different filter models. Conclusions as follows: HP filter method is a better way to predict and estimate output gap. In addition, if external technical improvement factor can be taken into consideration and then extend the model, the estimate of output gap derived from the model will be more precise, and will help the results used in the Taylor rule.目 錄
第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………….1
第一節 研究背景與動機 …………………………….…………………………….1
第二節 研究目的 …………………………………………………………………….3
第三節 研究架構與流程 ……………………………………………….………….4
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 …………………………………………..6
第一節 泰勒法則之簡介 …………………………………….…………………….6
第二節 泰勒法則之文獻回顧 …………………………….………………………9
第三節 產出缺口估計之文獻回顧 ……………………………………………13
第三章 資料分析與變數選取 …………………………………………15
第一節 研究方法 ………………………………………………………………….15
第二節 資料來源與變數選取 ………..……………………………………….23
第四章 實證結果分析 …………………………………………………27
第一節 產出缺口之估計 …………………………………………………………27
第二節 預期通貨膨脹率缺口之估計 …………………………………………38
第三節 泰勒法則實證結果 ……………………………………………………..45
第五章 結論與建議 ……………………………………………………51
參考文獻
表 次
表1 實質GDP之ADF單根檢定 …………………………………………….27
表2 LS法估測dGDP之ARMA模型 ………………………………………..30
表3 Residual tests—Serial Correlation LM Test ………………33
表4 通貨膨脹率之ADF單根檢定 …………………………………………38
表5 LS法估測dInflation之ARMA模型 ..............................40
表6 Residual tests—Serial Correlation LM Test ………………..43
表7 泰勒法則中各變數之ADF單根檢定 ……………………………….45
表8 共整合分析檢定不含時間趨勢項 (共整合含常數項但VAR模型不含常數項) ……………………………………………………………….46
圖 次
圖1 Correlogram of dGDP …………………………………………………29
圖2 Residual tests—Correlogram of Q-statistics ………………31
圖3 Residual tests—Correlogram Squared Residuals ………32
圖4 實質GDP與經BN filter平滑後結果之比較 ………………………34
圖5 實質GDP與經HP filter平滑後結果之比較 ………………………35
圖6 不同平滑法下產出缺口之比較 ……………………………………….37
圖7 Correlogram of dInflation …………………………………………39
圖8 Residual tests—Correlogram of Q-statistics ……………..41圖9 Residual tests—Correlogram Squared Residuals ………42
圖10 預期物價膨脹率缺口 ………………………………………………….44
圖11 我國隔夜拆款利率與以HP filter法 (含外生性技術進步趨勢項) 估計產出缺口之泰勒法則間比較 …………………………..47
圖12 我國隔夜拆款利率與以HP filter法 (不含外生性技術進步趨勢項) 估計產出缺口之泰勒法則間比較 ……………………….48
圖13 我國隔夜拆款利率與以BN filter法估計產出缺口之泰勒法則間比較 …………………………………………………………………….49
圖14 我國隔夜拆款利率與以各種不同方法估計產出缺口之泰勒法則間比較……………………………………………………………………5
An Application of Community Forestry Project for Community-based Natural Resource Management －A Case of the Indigenous Smangus Tribe
No full text本研究企圖由司馬庫斯部落在共同經營制度下的自然資源管理方式與目前林務局所推行之「社區林業－居民參與保育共生計畫」作比較，了解（1）原住民的傳統生態知識如何運用在現代自然資源管理的模式中；（2）原住民傳統生態智慧對自然資源管理的方式以及原住民對森林經營的需求與主張。研究方法則深入訪談基層林務工作人員，了解在地原住民與林務工作人員在溝通、執行林業管理時所遇到的問題，及其二者對社區自然資源管理的想法與建議。研究結果發現司馬庫斯在共同經營制度之下，由於教育水平的提升、與外界的接觸頻繁及內部的自省，自然資源的管理方式已有五年三階段的司馬庫斯傳統領域生態保育計畫，包括訂定管理的機制、復育的計畫、及進行宣導與人才的培育都有規定，且有部落公約，對於各項事務都有明確的規定，這對自然資源的管理有很大的助益。而部落原住民與林務基層人員都認為社區林業的政策程序慢於部落行動。因此，若要將社區林業作為部落社區自然資源管理之重要執行項目，應將在地社群充分的納入自然資源管理與國家體制之中，以協調部落與行政體制間的關係，以達到較佳的自然資源管理方式。This study examined the effect of Community Forestry Project (CFP) on an indigenous community which employs the common-pool concept on its community resource management tasks. We interviewed with officials of Taiwan Forestry Bureau (TFB) and residents of the indigenous Smangus community. In addition, we extracted indigenous traditional knowledge of natural resource management by observing residents’ routine activities such as hunting, plantation, ecotourism service and so on. Research result indicates that the generic implementation plan of CFP can not meet the community’s expectation in terms of natural resource conservation and management. For a successful CFP, the implementation plan should be able to meet individual community’s requirement. The perception gap between TFB and communities should be diminished and a multi-dimensional implementation strategy is needed.第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
壹、研究動機 1
貳、研究目的 3
第二節 研究流程與研究設計 4
壹、研究流程 4
貳、研究架構 6
参、研究方法 7
肆、研究設計 10
伍、資料收集與分析方法 12
第二章 文獻回顧 19
第一節 社區林業的發展概況 19
壹、自然資源管理的發展 19
貳、社區林業的發展 23
第二節 國內社區林業的發展 32
壹、林務制度的演進 32
貳、臺灣社區林業的發展 34
第三章 研究場域 39
第一節 司馬庫斯 39
壹、司馬庫斯概述 39
貳、司馬庫斯部落的發展與現況 43
参、林務單位 48
第二節 原住民族與社區資源管理 50
壹、泰雅族對社區自然資源的傳統觀念 50
貳、司馬庫斯的社區資源管理 54
第四章 結果與討論 56
第一節 司馬庫斯的自然資源管理 56
壹、部落制度 56
貳、部落特質 61
参、產權的管理方式 65
第二節 社區林業作為部落社區自然資源管理之想像 67
壹、部落與林務局社區林業基層工作人員對社區林業之看法 67
貳、部落作為社區林業的想像 71
参、部落與國家行政體制的磨合 73
第五章 結論與建議 77
第一節 結論 77
壹、司馬庫斯共同經營營制度下的自然資源管理方式 77
貳、社區林業作為社區自然資源管理之應用 80
第二節 建議 82
第六章 研究限制與後續研究 83
第一節 研究限制 83
第二節 後續研究 84
參考文獻 85
附錄：社區林業第一階段計畫補助類別 9
First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago
No full textWang, Shih-Yu, Chen, Jhen-Nien, Russell, Barry C., Chen, Wei-Jen (2018): First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago. Zootaxa 4476 (1): 151-156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.1
FIGURE 2 in First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago
No full textFIGURE 2. Distribution records of Trachinocephalus gauguini. Circle, occurrence described in Polanco et al. (2016); triangle, new record from Papua New Guinea (this study).Published as part of Wang, Shih-Yu, Chen, Jhen-Nien, Russell, Barry C. & Chen, Wei-Jen, 2018, First record of Gauguin's blunt-nose lizardfish, Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco, Acero & Betancur 2016 (Teleostei: Synodontidae) outside the Marquesas Archipelago, pp. 151-156 in Zootaxa 4476 (1) on page 155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.14, http://zenodo.org/record/144041
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
[[alternative]]A Study of Party Realignment in Taiwan: From 1977 to 2005
No full text[[abstract]]Abstract：On August 23, 2004, the Legislative Yuan first submitted Constitution amendments about “Congress Reform.” After it has been proclaimed for half a year, Constitution Amendment was sent to the National Assembly for Referendum. Although there are debates upon Amendment, it was still passed on June, 2005. From the 7th Election of Legislators, the number of seats in the Legislative Yuan is reduced from current 225 to 113, and the electoral system is changed into a “single-member district, two-vote” electoral system. According to the experience of other countries practice “single-member district, two-vote” electoral system, according to Duverger’s Law, the party system of Taiwan can be expected to change from Multiple Party System into Two-Party System.
After People First Party and Taiwan Solidarity Union were established one after another and compete equal terms with DDP and KMT in elections, “Party Realignment” becomes an emerging subject for discussion and is valued by the domestic scholars and experts. This thesis examines the reasons that affect the party realignment of R.O.C., such as party-consciousness of voters, the system, the diverge of unification-independence ideology, party coalitions and party benefit-consider. There are three points in this thesis. First, this thesis divides party realignment of R.O.C. into three periods in accordance with the development of party system. Second, we discuss the background and reasons of three realignment periods, and examine them according to party realignment theory presented by V.O.Key. Third, we observe every phenomenon that will effect future party realignment after 2004. At last, the author will make a whole evaluation to party realignment of R.O.C., and bring up some advises to future researchers.
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