1,721,083 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Factors impacting the demonstration of relational autonomy in medical decision-making: A meta-synthesis
No full textSupplemental Material for Factors impacting the demonstration of relational autonomy in medical decision-making: A meta-synthesis by Dung Le Thi, Shih-Chun Lin, Huang Mei-Chih, Sheng-Yu Fan, and Chi-Yin Kao in Nursing Ethics</p
Synaptic signaling between GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus. Nat. Neurosci 7:24–32
No full textGlia express receptors for many neurotransmitters 1 , which enables neurons to communicate rapidly with surrounding glia and allows glia to assess the level of neuronal activity. This neuron-to-glia cell signaling influences the differentiation of glia progenitors 2,3 , maintains astroglia ensheathment of synapses 4 and regulates the efficacy of inhibitory transmission 5 . Neurotransmitter receptors on glia have also been implicated in several human pathologies, as they regulate the growth and migration of gliomas 6 and predispose preterm infants to ischemia-induced damage to white matter 7 . The presence of receptors on glia represents an additional site of action for many therapeutics. Despite the universal expression of these receptors by glia and their demonstrated involvement in essential physiological processes, little is known about the patterns of neuronal activity that are necessary to elicit their activation in situ and the dynamics of receptor signaling that result. Such information is essential for understanding when these forms of signaling occur and how they influence the physiology of glia. Direct communication between neurons and glia progenitor cells seems to be important for the continued generation of glia in the adult central nervous system, as neuronal activity and factors derived from neurons influence both the proliferation 8,9 and maturation of glia Rapid and precise signaling between neurons is ensured by the distribution of receptor-ion channels in clusters at synapses, the rapid dilution of transmitter in the extracellular space, receptor desensitization and isolation through astroglia ensheathment 4 and through the activity of transporters 17 . Although transmitter can reach receptors on astroglia by spilling out of the synaptic cleft Synaptic signaling between GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus Shih-chun Lin & Dwight E Bergles Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) express receptors for many neurotransmitters, but the mechanisms responsible for their activation are poorly understood. We have found that quantal release of GABA from interneurons elicits GABA A receptor currents with rapid rise times in hippocampal OPCs. These currents did not exhibit properties of spillover transmission or release by transporters, and immunofluorescence and electron microscopy suggest that interneuronal terminals are in direct contact with OPCs, indicating that these GABA currents are generated at direct interneuron-OPC synapses. The reversal potential of OPC GABA A currents was -43 mV, and interneuronal firing was correlated with transient depolarizations induced by GABA A receptors; however, GABA application induced a transient inhibition of currents mediated by AMPA receptors in OPCs. These results indicate that OPCs are a direct target of interneuronal collaterals and that the GABA-induced Cl -flux generated by these events may influence oligodendrocyte development by regulating the efficacy of glutamatergic signaling in OPCs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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