1,720,957 research outputs found
RETE Networking in Parallel
No full text本論文提出一個新的平行化方法，加速目前最有名的Production System 演算法：RETE。從 CPU 中常用的方法中，發現我們可以將Pipeline 的技術應用在 RETE 匹配演算法、Conflict Resolution、平行執行中。基本想法雖然簡單，但實作上會碰到一些問題，例如：資料互相干擾、語境管理等等問題。
在我們的方法中，首先我們把從 Drools 系統取得的 RETE 網路轉換成適合 Pipeline 演算法運行的版本。再來使用我們新設計的 runtime 以 Pipeline 的形式執行 Fact Propagation。我們使用Spark 實作此演算法。因分散式平行系統Spark能直接在記憶體中執行。在我們的實驗結果中，我們發現在 pipeline 技術的幫助下，我們可以減少運行跌代次數。
本論文敘述我們提出的方法、設計、我們如何解決碰到的問題以及實作上的細節。This thesis purposes a novel parallel method to speed up the most famous production system algorithm: RETE. Inspired by the pipeline method commonly used in CPU, we apply the pipeline concept to the RETE matching algorithm and also the steps of conflict resolution and parallel firing. This idea is simple, but there are several problems that exist to apply the pipeline technology such as the data interference problem and the context management of each phase of the pipeline.
In our approach, we convert the RETE created by Drools to the version needed by our pipeline algorithm. We also create a new runtime that perform the propagation with pipeline manner. We consider the distributed parallel programming system Spark as our platform of implementation, according to the properties: in-memory, distributed. In our experiment, we found that this method can reduce the iteration of execution.
The thesis describes the methodology, the design, the problem we conquered and the implementation of our approach.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
List of figures vii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 2
2 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE 3
2.1 The Production System 3
2.1.1 The RETE Network 3
2.1.2 Conflict Resolve 5
2.2 The Parallel Programming Environments 5
2.2.1 Hadoop 6
2.2.2 Spark 7
2.3 Spark and Pipeline 7
3 RELATED WORKS 8
3.1 Matching Parallelization 8
3.1.1 Scaling Parallel Rule-based Reasoning 9
3.1.2 A MapReduce-based architecture for rule matching in production system 9
3.2 Parallel Firing 9
3.3 Others 9
3.3.1 The Serialization Problems 9
3.3.2 Parallel Algorithms and Architectures for Rule-Based Systems 10
4 METHODOLOGY 11
4.1 Issues 11
4.1.1 Parallel execution and data sharing 11
4.1.2 Data interference problem 11
4.2 Our Approach 12
4.2.1 Definitions 12
4.2.2 The Concept 15
5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 18
5.1 Construction of the RETE Network 18
5.2 Working Memory 21
5.3 Parallel Runtime 22
5.3.1 Fact Insertion 22
5.3.2 Propagation 22
5.3.3 Firing 23
5.4 Additional Setting 23
5.5 Execution Sequence 23
6 IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL 25
6.1 Requirements 25
6.1.1 Global 25
6.1.2 Center Control 25
6.1.3 Rete Network 26
6.1.4 Conflict Resolution 27
6.1.5 Parallel Rete Runtime 27
6.1.6 Working Memory 29
6.2 Architecture 30
6.3 Class Diagram 31
6.4 Design Issues and Redesign 32
6.4.1 The number RETE extraction methods may increase. 32
6.4.2 Too many responsibilities in ReteExtractor. 33
6.5 Test Coverage 34
6.6 The Long Lineage RDD Problem 34
7 EXPERIEMENTS 35
8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 36
9 REFERENCES 3
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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