284,698 research outputs found
Using the attention cascade model to computationally account for the age differences in an Attentional Blink (AB) task
No full textThe attention cascade model (Shih, 2008) is a general, mathematical model of attention and working memory. It is applied here to characterize cognitive aging
Using performance assessment in secondary school mathematics: an empirical study in a Singapore classroom
No full textThis article reports an exploratory study on using performance assessment in mathematics instruction in a high-performing secondary school in Singapore. An intact mathematics class participated in the study, and received chapter-based performance tasks as intervention during regular mathematics lessons for about one and a half school years. The performance tasks used included authentic and/or open-ended tasks. The students’ academic achievements and attitudes in mathematics were compared with a comparison class that did not receive the intervention. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, mainly through questionnaire surveys, performance task tests, conventional school exams, and interviews with students and teachers. The results suggest that the students receiving the intervention performed significantly better than their counterparts in solving conventional exam problems, and in general they also showed more positive changes in attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics learning. The students from the experimental class also expressed positive views about the benefits of using performance tasks in promoting their ability in higher order thinking, though no statistically significant difference was detected between the two classes of students in solving unconventional tasks before and after intervention. Overall, the results appear to support teachers’ using contextualised problems in real life situations and open-ended investigations in students’ learning of mathematic
Cold Mountain poems Zen poems of Han Shan, Shih Te, and Wang Fan-Chih
No full textThe incomparable poetry of Han Shan (Cold Mountain), Shih Te, and Wang Fan-chih--rebel poets who became icons of Chinese poetry and Zen--by a premier translato
The attention cascade model and attentional blink
No full textAn attention cascade model is proposed to account for attentional blinks in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of stimuli. Data were collected using single characters in a single RSVP stream at 10 Hz (from Shih & Reeves, 2007), and single words, in both single and dual RSVP streams at 19 Hz (from Potter, Staub, & O'Connor, 2002). The model adopts similar architecture of the cognitive accounts of attentional blinks and employs computational details from theories of attention gating. The model has elaborated working memory and attention control mechanism. Both bottom-up and top-down salience are explicit in the model. Quantitative fits are good and the model parameters have plausible values. The model handles stimulus competition, lag 1 sparing, intrusion errors, and magnitude of the dip; it also accounts for commonly observed effects such as stimulus similarities (local and global), target+1 blank, and stimulus salience
Richardson, Barbauld, and the construction of an early modern fan club
No full textMPhilMuch has been written about the life and long works of the eighteenth century epistolary novelist, Samuel Richardson, but the prospect of his position as the first celebrity novelist – responsible for courting his own fame as well as initiating his own fan club – has largely been ignored. The body of manuscripts housed at the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London provides the modern scholar with evidence of the skeletal beginnings of an early fan club. This thesis aims to show how these manuscripts were turned into a saleable commodity by the publisher and entrepreneur Richard Phillips, while under the guiding hand of another, slightly later, literary celebrity, Anna Laetitia Barbauld. In order to restore Richardson’s reputation amongst a new nineteenth century audience, Barbauld was required to construct her own idea of him as an eighteenth century celebrity author, and in doing so the insecurities of a self-professed, apparently diffident man, are revealed. Barbauld’s capacious, but heavily edited selection of letters is analyzed in this thesis, providing ample evidence that Richardson’s correspondents were more than just eager letter writers. By using Barbauld’s biography of Richardson this thesis aims to show how she manipulates the genre of life writing in her construction of him.
This thesis offers an alternative reading of how the Richardson manuscripts are viewed, redefining them as not simply a collection of letters, but as a collective entity, deliberately selected and archived as evidence of an early modern fan club, and its celebrity managing director
Evaluasi pemeriksaan sedimen urin secara kuantitatif menggunakan sistem Shih-Yung
No full textABSTRACT
Riadi Wirawan, Dalima AW Astrawinata, Enny - Reference value of quantitative. examination of urine sediment using Shih-Yung (S-Y) system
Background: Conventional urine sediment examination was reported semiquantitatively, Shih-Yung system was quantitative and standaridizeci method.
Objective: To evaluate urine sediment examination using Shih-Yung systems and to determine the reference value.
Material and methods: Normal and pathologic urine from patients who have renal and urinary tract disorders, control material for urine microscopic examination Kova-TrolTm I and also urine from 120 healthy men and 120 healthy women.
Results: Within run precision using normal urine, pathologic urine, and Kova-TrolTm I yielded a different coefficient of variation (CV) for small and large amount urine sediment component. Laboratory agreement between two observer using Kappa test were >80% for each urine sediment component. Reference values of urine sediment component were as follows: red cells 0-2/4, white cells 0-4/4, hyalin cast 0/ pL, epithelial cell for men 0-1/4 and epithelial cell for women 0-9/4.
Conclusion: a relative big CV for small amount urine sediment component and vice versa. Reference values of urine sediment component were as follows: red cells 0-2/4, white cells 0-4/4, hyalin cast 0/
epithelial cell for men 0-1/4 and epithelial cell for women 0-9/4. Shih-Yung system yielded a good laboratory agreement between two observers using Kappa test.
Key words: urinalysis - urine sediment - quantitative examination - S-Y system - normal valu
Using the attention cascade model to probe cognitive aging
No full textYoung and older adults searched for two digit targets among black letter distractors in rapid serial visual presentation. Unsurprisingly, relative to the young, the old performed worse on both targets and exhibited greater and longer attentional blink. The data of each group were computationally accounted for by the attention cascade model (Shih, 2008) with seven parameters; the optimum values and 95% confidence intervals of the parameters were based on 10,000 bootstrap samples. There was no age effect on the width of the attention window, or the capacity of the consolidation processor. However, relative to the young, the old suffered more masking effect of the salient (and brighter) stimulus, required longer consolidation duration, and had greater and more spread decision noise. The processing rate prior to working memory was numerically slower in the old. Both age groups adopted inefficient strategy during the task – engaging the consolidation processor unnecessarily long. Further simulations suggest that varying the duration can emulate strong, weak, or non-blinkers. The attention cascade model appears a useful tool for the investigation of cognitive aging and other comparative studies
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THE "LIU-I SHIH-HUA" OF OU-YANG HSIU (CHINA).
No full textPoetry occupies an eminent position in the history of Chinese literature because almost all the traditional men of letters had experience in composing poems. However, it was not until the Sung Dynasty that the criticism of poetry became very popular; this was singled out by the appearance of a number of books called, shih-hua (icons omitted) (remarks on poetry). Since the Sung period on, shih-hua has received both praise and censure. Traditional critics tended to evaluate shih-hua from a practical viewpoint. For example, Wang Shih-han (icons omitted) criticised the content of shih-hua as trivial because it deviated from the subjects of filial piety, trust, and other Confucian merits. On the other hand, Kuo Shao-yu (icons omitted) proclaimed that shih-hua preserved a great deal of worthy materials for the study of poetry. Modern scholars tend to evaluate shih-hua from the aesthetic viewpoint. For instance, Yen Yuan-shu (icons omitted) describes shih-hua as "vague and obscure" and "lacking systematic discourse." Yet other scholars such as Yeh Wei-lien (icons omitted) claim that the shih-hua offers readers a chance to recapture the world of rich imagery in poetic composition. In order to make a more objective judgement between the above two extremely different evaluations of shih-hua, the following issues must first be resolved: the definition of shih-hua which is related to Ou-yang Hsiu's (icons omitted) Liu-i shih-hua (icons omitted) the first book titled shih-hua, what kind of poetic tradition the Liu-i shih-hua inherited, what kind of person its author was, under what kind of literary environment it was produced, what were the contents of the work, and what kind of influence it exerted on the development of the shih-hua genre. Then we may tentatively reach an answer: the practical criticism of poetry only covers one part of the content of shih-hua. To make a complete evaluation of a shih-hua book or the shih-hua genre itself, a critic must take all the issues above into consideration
From an individual consumer to Fan Page\ue2\ubcconsumers\ue2 motivation, behavior and satisfaction in participating a Fan Page\ue2\ubc
No full textWith the popularity of the Internet and the growing trend of Web2.0, interaction and knowledge exchanges among the Internet users become active. Facebook, currently the world's most successful social networking website of Web2.0, functions as a social entertainer and further develops as a marketing business platform. In particular, many enterprises and organizations focus on operating the function of Fan Page for the purpose of marketing strategy.
The research will be conducted from the users' viewpoints and the examples of consumption on Facebook and entertaining Fan Pages will be provided to investigate the specialties and functions of the website, causing the users to organize and participate in the Fan Pages, and the behaviorial motives and the gratification obtained from the process.
Substantial and virtual random samplings are utilized in conducting the questionnaire survey. The result shows the obvious difference in the motives of the Fan Page participants based on various levels of education. It also verifies the critical influence of media characteristics on the participation of Fan Page. And, it helps us realize that users with different motives obtain different satisfactions through the participation of Fan Page. In the end, the research investigation can be considered as a basis of enterprise marketing strategies theoretically and practically
Some Remarks on Wang Fan-chih, Part I
No full textThe first apraisal of several T'ang manuscripts entitled "Poems by Wang Fan-chih, " discovered in the Tun-huang cave at the beginning of this century, was given by the author of The History of Chinese Vernacular Literature, Dr. Hu Shih, in 1928. To the four fragments which Hu dealt with, the author of this article can add eight more, though he is not able to avail himself of all of them. A paragraph from the Yün-ch'i-yu-i 雲溪友議, which has been neglected by Hu, also is to be quoted as a biographical entry. It says a ninth century monk, Hsüan-lang 玄朗, often cited Wang's poems in his evangelism. When we examine these newer materials in detail, new questions are inevitable. Is Fan-chih a proper noun? Is his "biography" nothing more than a crude imitation of the myths often written about clever men? In sum, was there really a monk named Wang Fan-chih? Questions will be solved in Part II, relating Wang Fan-chih's poems with "The Poems by Han-shan, " which are said to belong to the same category
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