1,766,489 research outputs found
Reply to "Comment on the value of tax shields is NOT equal to the present value of tax shields"
No full textThe Comment is thought provoking and helps a lot in rethinking the value of tax shields. However, the conclusion of Fieten, Kruschwitz, Laitenberger, Löffler, Tham, Vélez-Pareja and Wonder (2005) is not correct because, as will be proven below, the main result of Fernández (2004) is correct for several situations. Equation (16a) shows that the value of tax shields depends only upon the nature of the stochastic process of the net increase of debt.Value of tax shields; present value of the net increases of debt;
Reply to "The value of tax shields is equal to the present value of tax shields"
No full textIn a recent paper, Cooper and Nyborg (2004) argue that the results of Fernández (2004) are wrong because value-additivity is violated and because "Fernández paper comes from mixing the Miles-Ezzell leverage policy with the Miller-Modigliani leverage adjustment." Cooper and Nyborg's paper is thought-provoking and helps a lot in rethinking the value of tax shields. However, their conclusions are not correct because, as will be proven below, the main result of Fernández (2004) is correct for several situations. An evident error of Cooper and Nyborg (2004) is that their formulae (4), (6), (8) and (11), which they attribute to Miles and Ezzell (1980), correspond to Harris and Pringle (1985) and Ruback (2002). In addition, their formulae (3) and (5) are not general: they are valid only for perpetuities without growth. In this paper I also show that the value of tax shields depends only upon the nature of the stochastic process of the net increase of debt.Value of tax shields; Present value of the net increases of debt; unlevered beta; levered beta; leverage cost;
Letter: Mary Sherwood Shields to Ida M. Tarbell, June 19, 1928
No full textHandwritten letter, 3 page
The value of tax shields is not equal to the present value of tax shields: A correction
No full textI correct some expressions in Fernández (2004) and provide a more general expression for the value of tax shields. This expression is the difference between the present values of two different cash flows, each with its own risk: the present value of taxes for the unlevered company and the present value of taxes for the levered company. The value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the tax rate times the current debt, plus the tax rate times the present value of the net increases of debt. The value of tax shields depends only on the nature of the stochastic process of the net increase of debt; it does not depend on the nature of the stochastic process of the free cash flow.Value of tax shields; present value of the net increases of debt; required return to equity;
Surgeon J. Hayes Shields autograph letter to S. J. Simpson
No full textShields reported that both he and McKee were on duty at this post.https://library.udel.edu/static/purl.php?mss041
The value of tax shields depends only on the net increases of debt
No full textThe value of tax shields depends only on the nature of the stochastic process of the net increases of debt. The value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the tax rate times the current debt plus the present value of the net increases of debt. By applying this formula to specific situations, we show that Modigliani-Miller (1963) should be used when the company has a preset amount of debt, Fernández (2004) when the company maintains a fixed book-value leverage ratio, and Miles-Ezzell (1980) when the company maintains a fixed market-value leverage ratio.Value of tax shields; present value of the net increases of debt; required return to equity;
Brooke Shields Addresses FIT Graduates
No full text2015 Commencement Speaker: Brooke Shields, Actor, Author, and Entrepreneur
The value of tax shields with a fixed book-value leverage ratio
No full textThe value of tax shields depends only on the nature of the stochastic process of the net increases of debt. The value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the tax rate times the current debt plus the present value of the net increases of debt. We develop valuation formulae for a company that maintains a fixed book-value leverage ratio and show that it is more realistic than to assume, as Miles-Ezzell (1980) do, a fixed market-value leverage ratio. We also show that Miles-Ezzell assume that the increase of debt is proportional to the increase of the free cash flows.Value of tax shields; present value of the net increases of debt; required return to equity;
Value of tax shields and the risk of the net increase of debt, The. Year 2004
No full textThe value of tax shields depends on the nature of the stochastic process of the net increase of debt; it does not depend on the nature of the stochastic process of the free cash flow. The value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the tax rate times the debt, plus the tax rate times the present value of the net increases of debt. This expression is the difference between the present values of two different cash flows, each with its own risk: the present value of taxes for the unlevered company and the present value of taxes for the levered company. For perpetual debt, the value of tax shields is the debt times the tax rate. When the company is expected to repay the current debt without issuing new debt, the value of tax shields is the present value of the interest times the tax rate, discounted at the required return to debt.value tax shields; present value net increases debt; required return equity; leverage cost; unlevered beta; levered beta;
- …
