1,721,168 research outputs found
Effect Modification of The Association Between Dietary Patterns and Depression by Diabetes Among Adults in Qatar: A Populationbased Study
No full textBackground: Diabetes is a major public health problem in Qatar and significantly
increases the risk of depression. Dietary patterns are related to the incidence of
depression among patients with diabetes. However, no study has been conducted in
Qatar on the relationship between dietary patterns and depression symptoms in adults.
Aim: To assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms
severity among adults with or without diabetes in Qatar.
Methods: 1000 adults were selected from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Each person with
diabetes was matched with one person without diabetes based on age and sex in this
cross-sectional study. Food intake was assessed based on a computer-administered food
frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression symptoms.
Results: Moderate to severe depression symptoms were present in 13.5% of the sample.
Two dietary patterns were identified: “unhealthy” (high consumption of fast food,
biryani, mixed dish (chicken/meat/fish), croissant) and “prudent” (high consumption of
fresh fruit, salads/raw vegetables, canned/dried fruit, and dates). After adjusting for
sociodemographic, lifestyle factors (smoking and physical activity), and chronic
conditions, high intake of “unhealthy” pattern was associated with an increased
prevalence of moderate to severe depression symptoms in individuals with diabetes
(prevalence ratio, PR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.56; p-value<0.001). While there was no
statistically significant association between moderate to severe depression symptoms and the “prudent” dietary pattern among those with or without diabetes.
Conclusion: The “unhealthy” dietary pattern was positively associated with moderate
to severe depression symptoms in those with diabetes. Promoting healthy eating habits
should be considered in the prevention and management of depression.
Keywords Depression symptoms, Diabetes, Dietary pattern, Factor analysi
Dietary Patterns and Cognition among Qatari Adults
No full textObjectives: To assess the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among Qatari adults.
Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, data on 1,000 Qatari adults attending the Qatar Biobank Study (QBB) aged ≥18 years were obtained. Using factor analysis, dietary patterns were constructed based on habitual dietary intake assessed by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Mean reaction time (MRT) derived from self-administered touch screen tests was used as an indicator of cognitive function. The association between dietary patterns and MRT was investigated using linear regression.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.8 (SD 10.3) years, and the mean MRT was 715.3 (SD 204.1) milliseconds. Three dietary patterns were identified. The “traditional” dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of white rice, mixed dishes and soups/starters possibly high in saturated fat and sodium, was positively associated with MRT. In the multivariable model, comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of the traditional pattern, the regression coefficient for MRT was 50.0 (95% CI 16.9, 83.1; p for trend 0.001). There was an effect modification of diabetes and age on the association between the “modern” dietary pattern and MRT. The “convenient” dietary pattern was not associated with cognitive function.
Conclusion: The traditional rice-based dietary pattern may be associated with poor cognitive function
Dietary Quality, Meal Timing and Circadian Syndrome Among Adults Attending NHANES 2005-2016
No full textBackground: Apart from diet quality, meal timing and shift work have also emerged as risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and are associated with circadian rhythm disturbances. Circadian Syndrome (CircS) is a novel concept that aims to emphasize the circadian disruption related to cardiometabolic conditions, by expanding upon the criteria of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).
Objectives: To assess the associations of diet quality, meal timing and shift work with CircS in US adults, and to examine whether these associations are modified by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
Methods: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016 were analyzed. Factor analysis was used to construct dietary patterns. Participants were categorized as having favorable (12:30-13:15 pm) or unfavorable mealtimes based on midpoint of intake between breakfast and dinner. CircS included MetS components, plus short sleep and depression symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations.
Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified. Western dietary pattern had high loadings of refined grains, solid fats, added sugars, and red and cured meats, while prudent pattern was characterized by a high intake of vegetables, whole grains, oils, nuts and seeds. The prevalence of CircS was 41.3%. Comparing extreme quartiles of intake, the odds ratios (OR) for having CircS were 1.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-2.53) and 0.71 (95%CI 0.58-0.86) for Western pattern and prudent pattern, respectively. Unfavorable mealtime and shift work were associated with higher likelihood of CircS (OR= 1.18; 95%CI 1.02-1.37 and OR= 1.40; 95%CI 1.02-1.93, respectively).
Conclusion: Healthy dietary patterns and aligning meal timings with circadian rhythms are associated with a lower likelihood of having CircS
The use of a chronic disease and risk factor surveillance system to determine the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of obesity and diabetes in South Australian adults--2003-2013
Full text linkAge, period and cohort (APC) analyses, using representative, population-based descriptive data, provide additional understanding behind increased prevalence rates
Omega-3 Supplementation in CABG Patients: Impact on ICU Stay, and Hospital Stay (A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis)
Full text linkBackground: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a major surgery that can lead to inflammation and complications, including increased length of ICU stay and length of hospitalization. Omega-3 PUFA has anti-inflammatory properties, and it has been hypothesized that it may reduce these complications in CABG patients.
Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of perioperative omega 3 PUFA supplementation on total ICU stay and total hospital stay in CABG patients.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included if they studied the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation (oral or intravenous) on ICU stay and length of hospitalization in CABG patients. Studies were searched for in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases along with hand searching of reference lists. The quality and risk of bias of the included studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using fixed or random effect models according to the level of heterogeneity by mean difference with their 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Twelve studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 7 studies were included in meta-analysis. No statistical difference was observed between the omega 3 PUFA and control groups regarding ICU stay MD -0.25 (95% CI -0.68, 0.17). Omega-3 PUFA was associated with a significant reduction in days of hospital stay -0.58 (95% CI -1.13, -0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that only oral omega 3 PUFA supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in length of hospitalization after subgroup analysis with MD -0.6 (95% CI -1.17, -0.04). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that perioperative omega-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce the length of hospitalization in CABG patients, especially when administered orally. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the high level of heterogeneity and the presence of concerns regarding the internal quality and external validity of the included studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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