107,266 research outputs found
The Mount Pavagadh volcanic suite, Deccan Traps: geochemical stratigraphy and magmatic evolution
No full textThe patterns of eruption and dispersal of flood basalt lavas on the surface, or as magmas in dykes and sills within the crust, determine the volcanological and stratigraphic development of flood basalt provinces. This is a geochemical and Sr-isotopic study of lavas of varied compositions that outcrop around Mount Pavagadh (829 m), Deccan Traps, an important outlier north of the main basalt outcrop. Most of the similar to 550-m thick exposed section at Pavagadh is made up of subalkalic basalts rich in the incompatible elements (particularly Nb, Ba, and Sr). Picrite and rhyolite-dacite flows also occur, the latter capping the sequence. The relatively high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (up to 0.7083) and chemical characteristics of the rhyolitic rocks of Pavagadh are consistent with a small but significant involvement of the granitic basement crust in their genesis. An assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) model involving the picrite lava and either a southern Indian or a western Indian granite as the contaminant explains the geochemical and Sr-isotopic variation in the basalts and the rhyolites quite well. A systematic comparison of the basaltic lavas (with binary plots, normalized multielement patterns, and discriminant function analysis) to the well-established lava stratigraphy of the Western Ghats, 400-500 km to the south, precludes any chemical-genetic relationships between the two. Basalts exposed in sections closer to Pavagadh ((similar to) 150-200 km), in the Toranmal, Navagam, and Barwani-Mhow areas, have several flows with some similar chemical characteristics. However, the Pavagadh sequence is significantly different from all of these sequences geochemically, petrogenetically, and in magnetic polarity, to be considered independently built. This result is significant in terms of eruptive models for the Deccan Traps, as it is increasingly apparent that there were separate but possibly coeval eruptive centers with their own distinctive chemistries developed in various areas of this vast province
Copelatus deccanensis Sheth & Ghate & Hájek 2018, sp. nov.
No full textCopelatus deccanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–2, 17–18) Type locality. India, Maharashtra, Pune district, ca. 4 km SSW of Lonavala village, Bhushi dam, 18°43.2-4′N, 73°23.7-24.0′E, ca. 640 m a.s.l. Type material. Holotype ♂ (NMPC), labelled: "INDIA W, 24.–28.ix.2005, / Maharashtra st., 4 km S of / Lonavala, Bhushi dam env., / 500 m, J.Bezděk leg. [printed] // HOLOTYPE / COPELATUS / deccanensis sp. nov. / S. Sheth et al. det. 2016 [red label, printed]". Paratypes: 14♂, 13♀, same label data as holotype (BMNH, JSCL, NHMW, NMPC, UWPC, ZSMG); 10♂, 10♀, labelled: "INDIA occ. Maharashtra st. / Bhushi Dam env. 24–28.ix. / 4 km S of Lonavala 2005 / leg.F.&L.Kantner 500 m [printed]" (NMPC, SMNS); 1♂, 1♀, labelled: "INDIA W, 7.–11.x.2005 / Maharashtra state, / 40 km W of Pune, / Mulshi env. / J. Bezděk leg. [printed]" (NMPC); 1♂, 2♀, labelled: "INDIA, Maharashtra / Pune Distr., Mulshi at / Mulshi Lake, 7–8 X 2005 / at light, leg. L. Borowiec [printed]" (NMPC); 3♀, labelled: "INDIA occ., 7–11.x.2005 / Maharashtra state / MULSHI env.F.Kantner leg. / 40 km W of Pune [printed]" (SMNS); 1♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, Kalubai Mandir / 18°27′38.95″N, 73°24′41.89″E, 570m / 27.VIII.2013 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 4♂, 7♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, 18°26′41.50″N, 73°25′39.72″E, 625m / 29.X.2014 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 2♂, 1♀, labelled: "INDIA, Maharashtra / TAMHINI / 18°23′54.6″N 73°23′47.3″E / 29.x.2014 [printed]" (HVGC); 1♂, 1♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, Dongerwadi stream / 18°27′38.95″N, 73°24′41.89″E, 570m / 1.X.2015 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 7♂, 6♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Harishchandragad fort / 19°23′26.37″N, 73°46′15.09″E, 1213m / 20.X.2013 / S.D. Sheth leg. [printed]" (HVGC, NMPC); 4♂, 5♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Alanggad fort / 19°34′59.88″N, 73°39′39.26″E, 1175m / 9.I.2014 / coll. N. Modak [printed]" (HVGC); 2♂, 2♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Madangad fort / 19°35′23.48″N, 73°38′57.63″E, 1151m / 10.I.2014 / coll. N. Modak [printed]" (HVGC); Each paratype provided with the respective red printed label. Description of male holotype. Habitus (Fig. 1) elongate oblong oval, nearly parallel sided with continuous outline, broadest in 1/3 of elytral length, slightly convex. Dorsal surface shiny. Coloration. Head rufous, darker (almost blackish) around eyes and medially between eyes, lighter on clypeus, labrum and medially on vertex. Pronotum rufous, infuscate on disc, lighter laterally. Elytra testaceous, somewhat darker in striae; numerous dark punctures present along basal and apical parts of elytral striae 1–5, and along sides of elytra. Ventral part rufous; abdomen dark. Appendages testaceous. Head. Moderately broad, ca. 0.7× width of pronotum, transversely elliptical. Labrum emarginate medially. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave. Antennae with antennomeres slender, club-shaped, antennomere I longest. Eyes emarginate anterolaterally. Reticulation consisting of fine, well impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Numerous short, deep and isolated strioles present between eyes. Punctation double; several large setigerous punctures present in fronto-clypeal depressions, frontal depressions at level of anterior margin of eyes, and in depressions along inner margin of eyes; very fine and sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation. Pronotum. Transverse, broadest at posterior angles. Anterior angles acute, posterior angles rectangular. Sides slightly and evenly curved, with lateral beading very thin and indistinct. Anterior margin straight, posterior margin nearly straight with only indistinct sinuation medially. Reticulation similar to that of head, but slightly less impressed. Disc of pronotum with numerous deep irregular strioles of variable length. Punctation double; row of coarse setigerous punctures presents along anterior margin, basal margin (except medially), and laterally close to sides; fine punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, denser than on head. Scutellar shield broadly triangular. Elytra. Elytral striation consisting of twelve discal striae: stria 1 shorter, ending at ca. 4/5 of elytral length; stria 2 longest; striae 7, 9 and 12 shorter apically, ending at ca. 3/4–4/5 of elytral length; stria 11 shortest, beginning more posteriorly than other striae and present only in basal third of elytral length. Surface reticulation consisting of fine, shallowly impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Punctation double; few large setigerous punctures present along elytral striae, but predominantly along lateral margin of elytra; very fine, sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, similar to those on pronotum. Legs. Protibia modified, angled near base, distinctly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 distinctly broadened, ventrally with adhesive setae. Ventral side. Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex obtuse; process distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation almost effaced except some superficial meshes apically. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes; numerous short, oblique, deep strioles present laterally but absent medially; lateral parts of metaventrite ('metasternal wings') tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines well impressed, nearly complete—absent only close to metaventrite. Metacoxal plates covered with long, deep longitudinal strioles; reticulation consisting of extremely elongate, longitudinal polygonal meshes. Metacoxal processes rounded and incised at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I–II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III–IV with oblique strioles laterally. Tuft of setae present antero-medially on ventrites III–V; ventrite VI with setigerous punctures laterally on either side. Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I–II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV– VI. Punctation consisting of fine, sparsely distributed punctures. Male genitalia. Median lobe in lateral aspect broad in basal 3/4, then narrowing to pointed apex; almost evenly curved except at base (Fig. 17). A fold present till subapical region. Parameres 'D'-shaped, apex very narrow and long; apical lobe long (Fig. 18). Female. Females do not differ in external morphology from male except for nearly straight, apically less broadened protibia, and slender pro- and mesotarsi without adhesive setae. Additionally, we have studied two females with elytral stria 11 absent, thus they have only eleven striae on each elytron. Variability. The specimens of the type series vary in coloration, especially infuscation of head and pronotum (from rufous to nearly black) and elytra (from testaceous to reddish brown). A form with longitudinal striolation on elytra occurs in both males and females of this species (Fig. 2): strioles long, often confluent, distinctly less impressed than striae; present between all striae, but missing in apical fourth of elytral length. Striolate form differs from the typical specimens also in strioles on the pronotum, which are usually longer and denser than those in nonstriolate form. Measurements (N = 31). TL: 5.3–6.9 mm (holotype: 6.1 mm); Tl-h: 4.8–6.4 mm (holotype: 4.9 mm); MW: 2.0–3.0 mm (holotype: 2.7 mm). Differential diagnosis. Based on the presence of 11–12 dorsal elytral striae and absent submarginal stria, the new species can be classified within the Copelatus nigrolineatus species group sensu Guéorguiev (1968). This group so far contains only five species (Nilsson & Hájek 2018): C. flavicans Guignot, 1952 and C. luctuosus Guignot, 1939 occurring in the Neotropical region, C. nigrolineatus Sharp, 1882 from Australia, C. zimmermanni Gschwendtner, 1934 distributed in China and Japan, and C. schuhi Hendrich & Balke, 1998 known so far only from Maharashtra (India). The new species differs from C. schuhi by its large size, 5.3–6.9 mm (body length ranges between 4.0– 4.5 in C. schuhi); elytral striae extending apically (elytral striae are missing the in apical third in C. schuhi); pale basal transverse elytral band absent (broad and distinct pale band present in C. schuhi); and the different shape of the median lobe, which is in lateral view, broad in the basal 3/4, then narrowing to a pointed apex (Fig. 17), and almost evenly curved except at the base (median lobe of C. schuhi is unevenly curved in lateral view, its outer margin is slightly sinuate; subapically broad; abruptly pointed at apex, see Fig. 19). Etymology. The new species is named after the Deccan plateau, a large volcanic basalt plateau in southern India, which covers most of the territory of Maharashtra state. Mani (1974) referred to Maharashtra as the 'Deccan Lavas Country'. The specific epithet is an adjective in the nominative case. Collecting circumstances. This species appears to inhabit isolated, clean water bodies. The specimens were collected in a side pool of a stream (Fig. 40), an ephemeral puddle with decaying leaves (Fig. 41) and muddy substrate, in remnant pools with pebbles as substrate formed in drying streams (Fig. 39); also in nearly permanent man-made tanks and small puddles (Fig. 42) on basaltic rocks. The physicochemical parameters of water bodies range as follows: pH: 6.2 to 9.0, temperature 18 to 25 0C and salinity 23 to 115 ppm. Distribution. The species was found in Pune, Nashik, Ahemadnagar districts of Maharashtra (Fig. 45). Collected within an altitude range of 500–1,215 m a.s.l.Published as part of Sheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Hemant V. & Hájek, Jiří, 2018, Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), pp. 235-260 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 237-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/145854
Illustrated redescription of Haliplus (Liaphlus) arrowi Guignot, 1936 (Coleoptera: Haliplidae) from the Western Ghats, India, and notes on the closely related H. angustifrons Régimbart, 1892
No full textSheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Nt. V., Vondel, Bernhard J. (2016): Illustrated redescription of Haliplus (Liaphlus) arrowi Guignot, 1936 (Coleoptera: Haliplidae) from the Western Ghats, India, and notes on the closely related H. angustifrons Régimbart, 1892. Zootaxa 4127 (2): 355-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.
Copelatus maushomi Sheth & Ghate & Hájek 2018
No full textCopelatus maushomi s p. nov. (Figs 4, 21–22) Type locality. India, Maharashtra, 120 km NE of Mumbai, Igatpuri environment, 19°42.3′N, 73°33.1′E, 600 m a.s.l. Type material. Holotype ♂ (NMPC), labelled: "INDIA occ. centr. / MAHARASHTRA prov. / 120 km NE of MUMBAI / IGATPURI env., 600m [printed] // INDIA 2002 Expedition / 19°42.17′N, 73°33.06′E / 1. – 12. VIII. 2002 / P.Šípek & M.Fikáček leg. [printed] // HOLOTYPE / COPELATUS / maushomi sp. nov. / S. Sheth et al. det. 2016 [red label, printed]" (NMPC). Paratypes: 4♂, 1♀ same data as holotype (LHCM, NMPC, ZSMG). Each paratype is provided with the respective red printed label. Description of male holotype. Habitus (Fig. 4) elongate oblong oval, nearly parallel sided; outline not continuous as pronotal posterior corners protrude; broadest in basal third of pronotum; very slightly convex. Dorsal surface matt due to dense striolation. Coloration. Dorsally almost uniformly testaceous; head slightly darker than pronotum and elytra, infuscate posterior to eyes; pronotum indistinctly infuscate on disc; elytra laterally and apically somewhat paler; appendages testaceous. Ventral part testaceous to brownish. Head. Moderately broad, ca. 0.6× width of pronotum, almost semicircular. Labrum medially emarginate. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave. Antennae with antennomeres slender, club-shaped, antennomere I longest. Eyes emarginate anterolaterally, small, eye width only ca. 0.1× width of head. Reticulation consisting of well impressed polygonal meshes; meshes slightly larger in anterior region. Rather long, longitudinal or oblique strioles present between eyes and on vertex. Punctation double; several large setigerous punctures present in fronto-clypeal depressions, frontal depressions at level of anterior margin of eyes, and in depressions along inner margin of eyes; very fine and sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, punctures denser posteriorly. Pronotum. Transverse, broadest in basal third. Anterior angles acute, posterior angles rectangular. Sides largely and evenly curved, with lateral beading very thin and indistinct. Anterior margin straight, posterior margin sinuate. Surface reticulation consisting of polygonal meshes, similar to that of head, but slightly less impressed. Disc of pronotum completely longitudinally striolate; strioles mostly long, well impressed, rarely confluent; few short, shallow strioles present between long strioles. Punctation double; row of coarse setigerous punctures present along anterior margin, basal margin (except medially), and laterally close to sides; fine punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation. Scutellar shield broadly triangular. Elytra. Elytral striation consisting of nine complete shallow discal striae; striae almost imperceptible due to dense striolation of elytra. Strioles very long, rarely confluent. Surface reticulation consisting of fine, shallowly impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Punctation consisting of setigerous punctures only, few punctures present along elytral striae, but predominantly apically and along lateral margin of elytra; fine punctures, due to dense striolation not perceptible. Legs. Protibia modified, angled near base, distinctly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 distinctly broadened, with four rows of adhesive setae on their ventral side. Ventral side. Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex rounded; distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation or punctation absent. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes; punctation imperceptible. Lateral parts of metaventrite ('metasternal wings') tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines well impressed, incomplete—absent in anterior fourth. Metacoxal plates covered with deep, longitudinal or oblique strioles; reticulation consisting of elongate, longitudinal polygonal meshes. Punctation on metacoxae absent. Metacoxal processes rounded and incised at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I–II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III–IV with oblique strioles laterally, absent medially. Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I–II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV–VI. Punctation consisting of fine punctures medially, and larger and deeper punctures laterally. Male genitalia. Median lobe in lateral aspect almost evenly curved; narrowing from base to pointed apex; broadest in middle (Fig. 21). A fold present till subapical region. Parameres more or less 'D'-shaped, slightly sinuate on outer margin, apex very narrow and long; apical lobe club-shaped (Fig. 22). Female. Females do not differ in external morphology from male except for nearly straight, apically less broadened protibia, and slender pro- and mesotarsi without adhesive setae. Variability. All specimens of the type series are rather uniform and vary only in extent of infuscation of head and pronotum. Measurements (N=5). TL: 4.6–5.0 mm (holotype: 4.8 mm); Tl-h: 4.2–4.5 mm (holotype: 4.4 mm); MW: 2.0– 2.1 mm (holotype: 2.0 mm). Differential diagnosis. Based on the presence of nine dorsal striae on the elytra, the new species can be tentatively classified within the Copelatus consors species group sensu Guignot (1961). This group so far contains eighteen species: 11 in the Afrotropical and seven in the Nearctic region (Nilsson & Hájek 2018). Copelatus maushomi sp. nov. does not seem to be related to any species of the C. consors group. With small eyes, pronotum distinctly broader than elytra, and elytra with dense striolation, the new species has very unique appearance within all known Copelatus species. The shape of the male median lobe suggests that the species may be related to Indian species of the C. nigrolineatus group— C. deccanensis sp. nov. and C. schuhi. Etymology. The species is named after the 'maushom'—a local name for the monsoon, indicating that the specimens were collected at the beginning of the monsoon season. The name is a noun in the genitive case. Collecting circumstances. The specimens were collected in small deep pools in a stony stream below a table mountain (Fig. 44). The place was visited at the beginning of the monsoon. Sudden large amount of water could have brought the specimens to the normal stream from less accessible habitat, e.g. wet gravels on the stream bottom or other interstitial water habitats (M. Fikáček, pers. comm. 2017). Distribution. The species is so far known only from the type locality (Fig. 45).Published as part of Sheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Hemant V. & Hájek, Jiří, 2018, Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), pp. 235-260 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/145854
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Life Signs- DNA and warfarin
No full textAs part of our process of following the drug, we interviewed people who research, prescribe, develop apps for and take warfarin. This is the first of a series of short films revealing how people construct knowledge about the medication. This first film features a genetics researcher, Dr Harsh Sheth, who works at Newcastle University and whose ground breaking research could change the way warfarin is prescribed and taken
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contribution of JAM-1 to epithelial differentiation and tight-junction biogenesis in the mouse preimplantation embryo
No full textWe have investigated the contribution of the tight junction (TJ) transmembrane protein junction-adhesion-molecule 1 (JAM-1) to trophectoderm epithelial differentiation in the mouse embryo. JAM-1-encoding mRNA is expressed early from the embryonic genome and is detectable as protein from the eight-cell stage. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis of staged embryos and synchronized cell clusters revealed JAM-1 recruitment to cell contact sites occurred predominantly during the first hour after division to the eight-cell stage, earlier than any other TJ protein analysed to date in this model and before E-cadherin adhesion and cell polarization. During embryo compaction later in the fourth cell cycle, JAM-1 localized transiently yet precisely to the apical microvillous pole, where protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC are also found, indicating a role in cell surface reorganization and polarization. Subsequently, in morulae and blastocysts, JAM-1 is distributed ubiquitously at cell contact sites within the embryo but is concentrated within the trophectoderm apicolateral junctional complex, a pattern resembling that of E-cadherin and nectin-2. However, treatment of embryos with anti-JAM-1-neutralizing antibodies indicated that JAM-1 did not contribute to global embryo compaction and adhesion but rather regulated the timing of blastocoel cavity formation dependent upon establishment of the trophectoderm TJ paracellular seal
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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