312 research outputs found
Somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder from the DSM-IV: Associations with pathological worry and depression symptoms in a nonclinical sample
No full textThe present study investigates specificity of the six somatic symptoms that are associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A nonclinical sample of 183 students provided severity ratings for (a) restlessness, (b) easily fatigued, (c) difficulty concentrating, (d) irritability, (e) muscle tension, and (f) sleep disturbance. In addition, they responded to questionnaires assessing pathological worry and depression symptoms. Partial correlations and multiple regression analyses indicated that only muscle tension showed a unique relation to pathological worry. In contrast, difficulty concentrating was exclusively related to depression symptoms. Present findings corroborate psychophysiological findings that elevated muscle tension is a specific characteristic of pathological worriers. Moreover, they suggest that the problem of unclear boundaries between GAD and major depression may be reduced if future revisions of the somatic symptom list for GAD emphasize muscle tension while de-emphasizing difficulty concentrating
Reduced concreteness of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: Findings from a therapy study
No full textA sample of clients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) provided descriptions of the two major problems they worried about and of potential negative consequences associated with these problems, once before and once after they received cognitive-behavioral therapy. When descriptions were rated for concreteness and compared to those of normal controls, results showed that untreated GAD clients provided less concrete descriptions of their major worries relative to controls. After successful therapy, problem descriptions of GAD clients showed the same level of concreteness as those of controls. These findings add further support to the reduced-concreteness theory of worry. Moreover; they; indicate that concretization of worries may play a prominent role in the reduction of pathological worr
Multiple tandem splicing silencer elements suppress aberrant splicing within the long exon 26 of the human Apolipoprotein B gene.
No full textABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is an integral component of the chylomicron and the atherogenic lipoproteins LDL and Lp(a). Exon 26 of the APOB pre-mRNA is unusually long at 7,572 nt and is constitutively spliced. It is also subject to RNA editing in the intestine, which generates a shortened isoform, APOB48, assembled exclusively into chylomicrons. Due to its length, exon 26 contains multiple pseudo splice sites which are not spliced, but which conform to the degenerate splice site consensus. RESULTS: We demonstrate that these pseudo splice sites are repressed by multiple, tandem splicing silencers distributed along the length of exon 26. The distribution of these elements appears to be heterogeneous, with a greater frequency in the middle 4,800 nt of the exon. CONCLUSION: Repression of these splice sites is key to maintaining the integrity of exon 26 during RNA splicing and therefore the correct expression of both isoforms of APOB
Temporal lobe epilepsy with GAD antibodies: neurons killed by T cells not by complement membrane attack complex
No full textTroscher AR, Mair KM, de Juan LV, et al. Temporal lobe epilepsy with GAD antibodies: neurons killed by T cells not by complement membrane attack complex. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2022: awac404.Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the syndromes linked to antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). It has been questioned whether 'limbic encephalitis with GAD antibodies' is a meaningful diagnostic entity. The immunopathogenesis of GAD-TLE has remained enigmatic. Improvement of immunological treatability is an urgent clinical concern. We retrospectively assessed the clinical, MRI and CSF course as well as brain tissue of 15 adult patients with GAD-TLE who underwent temporal lobe surgery. Brain tissue was studied by means of immunohistochemistry, multiplex fluorescent microscopy and transcriptomic analysis for inflammatory mediators and neuronal degeneration. In 10 patients, there was a period of mediotemporal swelling and T2 signal increase; in nine cases this occurred within the first 6 years after symptom onset. This resulted in unilateral or bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS); three cases developed HS already within the first 2 years. All CSF studies done within the first year (n=6) revealed intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin G. Temporal lobe surgeries were done after a median disease duration of 9 years (range 3 weeks to 60 years). Only two patients became seizure free. Brain parenchyma collected during surgery in the first 6 years revealed high numbers of plasma cells but no signs of antibody-mediated tissue damage. Even more dense was the infiltration by CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that were seen to locally proliferate. Further, a portion of these cells revealed an antigen-specific resident memory T cell phenotype. Finally, CTLs with cytotoxic granzyme B+ granules were also seen in microglial nodules and attached to neurons, suggesting a CTL-mediated destruction of these cells. With longer disease duration, the density of all lymphocytes decreased. Whole transcriptome analysis in early/active cases (but not in late/inactive stages) revealed 'T cell immunity' and 'Regulation of immune processes' as the largest overrepresented clusters. To a lesser extent, pathways associated with B cells and neuronal degeneration also showed increased representation. Surgically treated patients with GAD-TLE go through an early active inflammatory, 'encephalitic' stage (≤ 6 years) with CTL-mediated, antigen-driven neuronal loss and antibody-producing plasma cells but without signs of complement-mediated cell death. Subsequently, patients enter an apparently immunologically inactive or low-active stage with ongoing seizures, probably caused by the structural damage to the temporal lobe. 'Limbic encephalitis' with GAD antibodies should be subsumed under GAD-TLE. The early tissue-damage explains why immunotherapy does usually not lead to seizure-freedom. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain
The Prevalence of Dual Diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Alcoholism in the Literature: A Critical Meta-Analytic Review
No full textThe relationship between alcoholism and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been discussed in two research areas: research on the prevalence of GAD in alcoholics, and the prevalence of alcoholism in individuals diagnosed with GAD. Studies indicate that between 6 to 26% of alcoholics have a current diagnosis of GAD, with a lifetime prevalence rate of up 51%. In the general population, 4% would currently receive a diagnosis of GAD, with a lifetime prevalence of 8%.
This meta-analytic review of the empirical literature examines the relationship between GAD and alcoholism. The author used percentages to compare the results of various studies. The averaged results of these various studies suggested there is a 25% comorbidity rate of GAD and alcoholism. Critical review of the studies examined in this review revealed substantial methodological errors. Based on a critical review of the research methodology in the studies cited, the author proposed further research
Optimalizační problémy při (max,min.)-lineárních omezeních a některé související úlohy
No full textTitle: Optimization Problems under (max, min)-Linear Constraints and Some Related Topics. Author: Mahmoud Gad Department/Institue: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statis- tics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: 1. Prof. RNDr. Karel Zimmermann,DrSc 2. Prof. Dr. Assem Tharwat, Cairo University, Egypt Abstract: Problems on algebraic structures, in which pairs of operations such as (max, +) or (max, min) replace addition and multiplication of the classical linear algebra have appeared in the literature approximately since the sixties of the last century. The first publications on these algebraic structures ap- peared by Shimbel [37] who applied these ideas to communication networks, Cunninghame-Green [12, 13], Vorobjov [40] and Gidffer [18] applied these alge- braic structures to problems of machine-time scheduling. A systematic theory of such algebraic structures was published probable for the first time in [14]. In recently appeared book [4] the readers can find latest results concerning theory and algorithms for (max, +)-linear systems of equations and inequalities. Since operation max replacing addition in no more a group, but a semigroup oppera- tion, it is a substantial difference between solving systems with variables on one side and systems with variables occuring on both sides of the equations....Název práce: Optimalizační problémy při (max,min)-lineárních omezeních a některé související úlohy. Author: Mahmoud Gad Katedra/Ústav: Katedra Pravděpodobnosti a matematické statistiky Vedoucí dizertační práce: 1. Prof. RNDr. Karel Zimmermann, DrSc 2. Prof. Dr. Assem Tharwat, Cairo University Egypt . Abstrakt: Úlohy na algebraických strukturách, v nichž dvojice operací (max, +) nebo (max, min) nahrazují operace sčítání a násobení v klasické lineární algebře se objevují v literatuře přibližně od šedesátých let minulého století. První výsledky s využitím těchto struktur publikovali A. Shimbel v práci [37] s aplikacemi v komunikačních sítích, a dále R. A. Cunnighame-Green [12,13], N. Vorobjov [40] a B. Giffler [18] s aplikacemi na rozvrhování práce strojů a v teorii spolehlivosti. Ucelená systematická teorie takových algebraických struktur byla publikována pravděpodobně poprvé v práci [14]. V nedávno publikované knize [4] lze nalézt nejnovější stav výzkumu teorie a algoritmů ve struktuře s operacemi (max,+). Protože operace maxima, která v uvedených strukturách nahrazuje operaci sčítání, není grupovou, ale pouze pologrupovou operací, je podstatný rozdíl mezi řešením soustav s proměnnými pouze na jedné straně rovnic resp. nerovností a soustav, v nichž se proměnné nacházejí na obou stranách těchto vztahů....Katedra pravděpodobnosti a matematické statistikyDepartment of Probability and Mathematical StatisticsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult
Post-typhoon prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in a Vietnamese sample
No full textIn 2006, typhoon Xangsane disrupted a multiagency health needs study of 4,982 individuals in Vietnam. Following this disaster, 798 of the original participants were reinterviewed to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Posttyphoon prevalences were PTSD 2.6%, MDD 5.9%, PD 9.3%, and GAD 2.2%. Of those meeting criteria for a disorder, 70% reported only one disorder, 15% had two, 14% had three, and 1% met criteria for all four disorders. Risk factors for posttyphoon psychopathology differed among disorders, but generally were related to high typhoon exposure, prior trauma exposure, and in contrast to Western populations, higher age, but not gender
Effect of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) on trace element concentration in serum and brain of rats
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No full textExtended evaluation of the safety and efficacy of GAD treatment of children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled tria
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