1,721,106 research outputs found
Confocal microscopy
No full textChapter focusing on confocal microscopy. A confocal microscope is one in which the illumination is confined to a small volume in the specimen, the detection is confined to the same volume and the image is built up by scanning this volume over the specimen, either by moving the beam of light over the specimen or by displacing the specimen relative to a stationary beam. The chief advantage of this type of microscope is that it gives a greatly enhanced discrimination of depth relative to conventional microscopes. Commercial systems appeared in the 1980s and, despite their high cost, the world market for them is probably between 500 and 1000 instruments per annum, mainly because of their use in biomedical research in conjunction with fluorescent labelling methods. There are many books and review articles on this subject ( e.g. Pawley ( 2006) , Matsumoto( 2002), Wilson (1990) ). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to optical and engineering aspects that may be o f interest to biomedical users of confocal microscopy
Fractal model of light scattering in biological tissue and cells
No full text10.1364/OL.32.000142Optics Letters322142-144OPLE
High-aperture beams: Reply to comment
No full text10.1364/JOSAA.24.001211Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision2441211-1213JOAO
Orthogonal aberration functions for high-aperture optical systems
No full text10.1364/JOSAA.21.000832Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision215832-838JOAO
Defocused transfer function for a partially coherent microscope and application to phase retrieval
No full text10.1364/JOSAA.21.000828Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision215828-831JOAO
Erratum: Orthogonal aberration functions for high-aperture optical systems (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (2004) vol. 21 (832))
No full text10.1364/JOSAA.21.002468Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision21122468-2469JOAO
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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