1,720,982 research outputs found
Peatlands on the mend: Using plant-microbe interactions to restore peatland structure and function
No full textPeatlands are important natural carbon stores. Peatlands are however experiencing widespread drainage, which increases vulnerability to wildfire and compromises their carbon sink function. Rewetting is a common technique used to restore disturbed peatlands. However, recent evidence suggests that even after decades of recovery, rewetted peatlands lag – taxonomically and functionally – behind their undisturbed counterparts, which could compromise peatland resilience to future climate change. Restoring the belowground microbial community is one method that could be used alongside rewetting to enhance the restoration of peatlands. Through utilising plant- microbe interactions, belowground microbial restoration action could be able to control secondary succession and expedite the recovery of key ecosystem functions, thus returning peatlands to their pre-disturbance state. However, at this moment there are few tests of the restoration of belowground microbial communities in enhancing peatland recovery.In this thesis, I explore the use of plant-microbe interactions in restoring peatland structure and function. I largely focus on one key threat to peatlands – wildfire – to examine the factors controlling initial post-fire recovery and whether peat moss inoculation can be used to drive forward the recovery of key ecosystem functions and taxonomic compositions. I then use an established plant-removal experiment to test the resilience of peatland plant-microbe networks following long-term disruption. In doing so, I first identify multiple factors that limit peatland post- wildfire recovery. I then highlight the potential for plant-microbe interactions to enhance peatland restoration by expediting taxonomic and functional recovery. Finally, I demonstrate the peatland plant-microbe networks can reform following long-term disruption, but that they are largely restructured with new plant-microbe associations forming. Together, this thesis provides the first test for microbial restoration to enhance peatland post-fire recovery and helps develop a broader understanding of the ecology surrounding peatland plant-microbe interactions that can be used to inform future research and guide management actions
Dataset to support the Southampton Doctoral Thesis 'Peatlands on the mend: Using plant-microbe interactions to restore peatland structure and function'
No full textDataset to support the Southampton Doctoral Thesis 'Peatlands on the mend: Using plant-microbe interactions to restore peatland structure and function'
Thesis chapter: Plant-microbe networks recover following long-term shifts in functional compositions. All data is collected from Store Mosse national park plant-removal experiment (Robroek et al., 2015 J. Ecology).
Data consists of aboveground vegetation surveys and below-ground sequencing of 16S and ITS2 communities within peat soils. Along with the data are treatment table and taxonomic data for below-ground sequencing. A readme file is provided with information regarding each of the datasets.
</span
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Domestic and international mobility trends in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of Facebook data
No full textBackground: since early March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic across the United Kingdom has led to a range of social distancing policies, which resulted in changes to mobility across different regions. An understanding of how these policies impacted travel patterns over time and at different spatial scales is important for designing effective strategies, future pandemic planning and in providing broader insights on the population geography of the country. Crowd level data on mobile phone usage can be used as a proxy for population mobility patterns and provide a way of quantifying in near-real time the impact of social distancing measures on changes in mobility.Methods: here we explore patterns of change in densities, domestic and international flows and co-location of Facebook users in the UK from March 2020 to March 2021.Results: we find substantial heterogeneities across time and region, with large changes observed compared to pre-pademic patterns. The impacts of periods of lockdown on distances travelled and flow volumes are evident, with each showing variations, but some significant reductions in co-location rates. Clear differences in multiple metrics of mobility are seen in central London compared to the rest of the UK, with each of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland showing significant deviations from England at times. Moreover, the impacts of rapid changes in rules on international travel to and from the UK are seen in substantial fluctuations in traveller volumes by destination.Conclusions: while questions remain about the representativeness of the Facebook data, previous studies have shown strong correspondence with census-based data and alternative mobility measures, suggesting that findings here are valuable for guiding strategies
Post-fire peatland recovery by peat moss inoculation depends on water table depth
No full textDataset for the publication entitled: Post-fire peatland recovery by peat moss inoculation depends on water table depth published in the Journal of Applied Ecology
Includes the code needed to analyse the datasets and produce figures found within the publication</span
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
