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The Case Study of Ukraine
No full textMigration is a natural component of globalization, but intellectual migration is a serious concern among many nations as it negatively affects the source countries. Ukraine is relatively new player in the international arena, having proclaimed its independence only 21 years ago immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, the opened borders, transition to a market economy, and foreign policy liberalization have allowed new migration patterns to develop. Although the brain drain is a relatively new phenomenon for Ukraine, it has reached alarming levels, which demands prompt solutions to address it.
Using Ukraine as a case study, this thesis aims to investigate the scope of the brain drain in Ukraine, its causes, and the effects on economic development. Recognizing structural causes resulting from the transition as a driving force of the brain drain, this study argues that the main reason for the intellectual outflow in Ukraine is a weak and false government policy toward science and the R&D sector. In particular, the neglected attitude of the government, as exhibited in budget cuts, tax pressure, weak legal basis, and a lack of investment in innovation activity and science during the last two decades, has led to a deep crisis in the Ukrainian R&D sector. As a result, more scientists have no job opportunities in Ukraine and, thus, migrate in order to find career development abroad. Ukraine’s case further demonstrates that the brain drain has a negative effect on the country’s economic development as it decreases contributions to the national output and diminishes the technical potential of the country’s economy. Therefore, this study calls for the Ukrainian government to better support its R&D sector to prevent additional brain drain.;이주는 세계화의 당연한 구성 요소가 되는데, 지식인의 이주는 많은 국가에게 심각한 문제를 유발하며 원인 국가에게 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 우크라이나는 소련의 붕괴 이후 독립을 선언한 지 21년 밖에 안 된 국제 무대의 새로운 참가자이다. 그러나 국경이 열리고, 시장 경제로의 전환과 외교 정책의 자유화는 새로운 이주 패턴을 발전시켰다. 두뇌 유출은 우크라이나에 비교적 새로운 현상인데, 심각한 수준에 다다라서 이에 대한 조속한 해결 방안이 요구된다.
연구의 사례로 우크라이나를 이용하여, 본 논문은 우크라이나에 두뇌 유출의 원인과 경제 성장에 미치는 영향의 범위를 조사하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 두뇌 유출의 원동력은 변화로 인한 구조적 원인임을 인식하고, 본 연구는 우크라이나의 지적 유출에 대한 주된 이유가 과학적 및 R & D 분야에 대한 정부의 약하고 성공적이지 못한 정책 때문이라고 주장한다. 특히, 정부의 방치된 태도, 예산 삭감, 세무적인 압력, 약한 법률적인 기반, 지난 20년 동안 투자와 혁신, 과학적 활동의 부재는 우크라이나의 R & D 분야에 깊은 위기를 유발했다. 그 결과로, 많은 과학자들은 우크라이나에서 일자리를 구하지 못해, 케리어 성장을 위해 해외로 이주하고 있다. 정리하자면 우크라이나의 경우, 두뇌 유출은 국가산업에 대한 기여를 감소시키고 국가 경제의 기술적인 잠재를 하락시키기 때문에 국가의 경제적인 발전에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 본 연구는 더 이상의 두뇌 유출을 방지하기 위해 우크라이나 정부가 자국의 R & D 분야에 더 효율적으로 지원 실시 할 것을 촉구한다.I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SKILLED MIGRATION IN MODERN TRANSNATIONAL SOCIETIES 10
A. Defining the nature of brain drain 11
B. Causes of brain drain 17
C. Effects of brain drain on development 31
D. Possible action to be taken 39
III. R&D SYSTEM IN SOVIET AND MODERN UKRAINE 47
A. Soviet R&D system 48
B. Transition changes in Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union 60
C. R&D in modern Ukraine 64
IV. THE SCALE OF BRAIN DRAIN FROM UKRAINE 72
A. Mass departure of intellectuals at the beginning of the 1990s 72
B. Brain drain in Ukraine: modern forms and trends 76
C. Feminization of brain drain in Ukraine 80
V. STRUCTURAL CAUSES OF BRAIN DRAIN IN UKRAINE 82
A. Push factors of brain drain in Ukraine 83
1. Ethnic factors 84
2. Economic factors 89
3. Social factors 97
B. Western countries’ skill-attractive migration policy as a pull factor 101
VI. THE POLITICS OF BRAIN DRAIN 106
A. Structural changes in Ukrainian industrial complex 108
B. Decline of government support for the R&D sector 118
1. Budget Cuts 121
2. Tax Pressure 128
3. Weak Legal Bases 132
4. Lack of Investment 134
VII. EFFECTS OF BRAIN DRAIN ON UKRAINE’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 139
VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 146
A. Summary of findings 146
B. Recommendations 151
REFERENCES 155
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 16
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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