1,837 research outputs found
Discrepancies between NCCN and ESMO guidelines in the management of anal cancer: a qualitative review
No full textThere is an ever-growing need, with the ongoing developments in research and the progress towards patient centered care, to delineate standardized protocols of management of anal cancer. However, guidelines from different societies show some degree of disagreement. This is a systematic review of the literature to identify similarities and discrepancies between the guidelines for the management of anal cancer drafted by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). We found essentially similar management for investigation, diagnosis, chemotherapy regimens, and radiotherapy doses in both ESMO and NCCN recommendations in the management of anal cancer. There were few differences, which included the levels of evidence and grades of recommendations, the delineation of radiotherapy fields, and the treatment of the elderly and personalized medicine based on genetics. The follow-up regime is also marginally different in the first 2 years. Even if the observed differences may be justified by a different implementation of evidence-based medicine among different countries for particular management modalities of anal cancer, we identified the grey areas which need further study. In addition, these facets should be assessed more carefully when planning future guidelines
A review of the role of Neurotensin and its receptors in colorectal cancer
No full textNeurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging.
We summarize the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC
Social media and colorectal cancer: A systematic review of available resources
No full textAim
Social media (SM) can provide information and medical knowledge to patients. Our aim was to review the literature and web-based content on SM that is used by Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients, as well as surgeons’ interaction with SM.
Method
Studies published between 2006 and 2016 were assessed. We also assessed the impact of several hashtags on Twitter with a freeware (Symplur).
Results
Nine studies were included assessing Twitter (78%), Forums/Cancer-survivor networks (33%), and Facebook (22%). Aims included use of SM by CRC patients (67%), cancer-specific usage of SM with different types of cancer (44%), content credibility (33%), and influence in CRC awareness (33%). Prevention was the most common information that CRC patients looked for, followed by treatment side-effects. Only 2% of CRC SM users are doctors. SM use by colorectal consultants was suboptimal. Only 38% of surgeons had a LinkedIn account (most with less than 50 connections), and 3% used Twitter. A steep increase of tweets was observed for searched Hashtags over time, which was more marked for #ColonCancer (+67%vs+38%, #Coloncancer vs #RectalCancer). Participants engaged with colon cancer increased by 85%, whereas rectal cancer ones increased by 29%. The hashtag ‘#RectalCancer’ was mostly tweeted by colorectal surgeons. The official twitter account of American Society of Colorectal Surgeons (@fascrs_updates) was the most active account.
Conclusion
CRC patients and relatives are increasingly engaging with SM. CRC surgeons’ participation is poor, but we confirm a trend toward a greater involvement. Most SM lack of authoritative validation and the quality of shared content still is largely anecdotic and not scientifically evidenced-based. However, SM may offer several advantages over conventional information sharing sources for CRC patients and surgeons, and create connections with mutual enrichment
Serum ACTH and Cortisol Level is Associated with the Acute Gastrointestinal Injury Grade in ICU Patients [Erratum]
No full textXu W, Qiu Y, Qiu H, Zhong M, Li L. Int J Gen Med. 2024;17:127–134.
On page 127, the third author’s name should read from “Hongping Qiu” to “Hongping Qu”.
This error was introduced by the Editorial staff during the publication process
Last words from Montmartre
No full textWhen Taiwanese author Qiu Miaojin ended her life in 1995, she left behind her final work, the experimental novel Last Words from Montmartre. This article outlines some of the challenges in translating Qiu Miaojin's novel from Chinese to English. Structured as a series of letters to mirror the novel's own epistolary form, the article discusses how, supported by the novel's constructed chaos, Qiu's narrator occupies several distinct genders over the course of the novel. The authors argue that what might be construed in certain Western literary traditions as the novel's excessive emotionality is in fact a radical act of expression and even resistance to prevailing calls for queer 'reticence' in the time and place of its production
QIU XIAOLONG’S NOVELS: AMERICAN DETECTIVE STORIES WITH CHINESE ROOTS
No full textQiu Xiaolong is an American writer born in China, but he has been living
in the United States since 1988. He wrote eleven novels about Inspector Chen, who
lives in Shanghai and investigates crimes committed in that city. One of the features of
Qiu Xiaolong’s work is insertions of poetry. Its main character is an educated person,
he writes poetry himself, translates and actively uses the Chinese poetic heritage to
express feelings. The author uses the form of a detective novel to show the various
problems of modern China (the period covered is from the 1990s to the present day)
Eupolyphaga hanae Qiu & Che & Wang 2018, sp. nov.
No full textEupolyphaga hanae sp. nov. (Figs. 5 E–J; 13 G–I; 19 A–D; 38 C–D, M; 40 A–K; 41 A–H) Type material. Holotype: CHINA: Sichuan: male (SWU ex LQLC), Puzhao Temple [普照寺], Daguan Town [大观镇], Dujiangyan Prefectural-Level City [都江堰市], Chengdu City [成都市], 770 m, found inside tree holes around the root of a broadleaf tree, 19.V.2015, Lu Qiu & Jing-Fei Han leg., reared by Lu Qiu from the nymph. Paratypes: Sichuan: 1 male and 1 female (LQLC, male in 100% alcohol), same data as the holotype, reared by Lu Qiu from the nymphs; 6 males and 5 females (SWU ex LQLC, 3 males and 2 females in 100% alcohol), Laogangmo Village [老岗磨村], Taixing Township [太兴乡], Fuxing Town [复兴镇], Shehong County [射洪县], Suining City [遂宁市], found around an old house, 8.III.2016, Lei Wang leg., males and parts of the females reared by Lu Qiu from the nymphs. Chongqing: 9 males and 4 females (SWU, ex LQLC, 7 males and 2 females in 100% alcohol), Majiagou [马家沟], near Feilongmiao Temple [飞龙庙], Mt. Simianshan [四面山], Jiangjin District [江 津区], 970 m, found inside the loose muddy sand under the woodpile near an old farm house, 5.VI.2016, Hao Xu, Jian-Yue Qiu & Lu Qiu leg., adult males all reared by Lu Qiu from the nymphs; 1 female (SWU), Shunzigou [笋子 沟], Mt. Simianshan, Jiangjin District, found inside a hole under a cliff, 6.III.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg.; 1 male and 1 female (SWU), Mt. Jinyunshan [缙云山], Beibei District, 650m, 22.IX.2018, Lu Qiu leg. Guizhou: 1 male (GZU), Linjiang village [蔺江村], Xishui County [习水县], Zhunyi City [遵义市], 24-30.IX.2000, Qiong- Zhang Song leg. Other material examined. Several nymphs and oothecae (SWU), same data as the types from Dujiangyan, Suining and Mt. Simianshan. Diagnosis. Male of this species superficially resembles E. hupingensis sp. nov., but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: 1) abdomen and legs whitish yellow (Fig. 5 F), while E. hupingensis with blackish legs and abdomen (Fig. 5 B); 2) styli thin and small (Fig. 19 B), while styli stout and robust in E. hupingensis (Fig. 20 B); 3) L3 thin, anterior of L1 reduced, R2 round (Fig. 19 C–D), while L3 robust, anterior of L1 elongated, R2 with median concave in E. hupingensis (Fig. 20 C–D). Description. Male. General: measurements (mm): body length: 16.7–21.4, overall length: 27.6–36.8, pronotum length×width 5.1–5.8×8.2–9.4, tegmen length: 23.8–33.0. Small to large, brown to blackish brown in dorsal view, light pale yellow to light orange in ventral view, tegmina with dense maculae (Fig. 5 E–H). Head: round, as long as width; reddish brown, darker at vertex and the space between ocelli. Interocular space very narrow. Ocelli large, protruded, Ocelli ridge wide. Frons brownish yellow, each lateral with a large orange spot which next to the antennal socket. Antennae brown. Clypeus small, flat, ante-clypeus light orange, lateral sides white; post-clypeus reddish brown, sometimes divided by a light colored longitudinal line medially. Labrum small, brown, hind margin thin, emarginated. Maxillary palpi and labial palpi reddish brown, with joint parts and apex whitish yellow (Fig. 13 H–I). Pronotum: unicolored, reddish brown to brown. Surface generally with many small yellowish-brown pubescence and very a few reddish-brown setae, margins with additional long reddish-brown setae. Apex convex and truncated; lateral fore borders oblique roundly; lateral parts round, becoming straight towards hind part, and forming obtuse angle with the hind margin; hind margin slightly outward (Fig. 13 G). Tegmina and wings: exceeded the end of abdomen about 9.0– 14.4 mm. Tegmina dark brown, irregularly with many small hyaline maculae, denser in margins and distal half of tegmen, and more likely with several large hyaline spots around R. Wings hyaline, slightly orange, darker toward apex, venation distinct, distal portion of M, CuA densely with black maculae. Legs: with brownish pubescence, whitish yellow, tibiae darker; tibial spines usually dark reddish brown with basal portion light reddish brown. Abdomen: whitish yellow. Supra-anal plate apex slightly emarginated, anterior margin and paraprocts well pubescent; two median sclerites distinct, unequalsized; cerci yellow, slender (Fig. 19 A). Subgenital plate generally symmetrical, unicolored for the exposed part, lateral corners round, anterior margin fully with setae; styli yellow, very small (Fig. 19 B). Genitalia: well sclerited. Left phallomere: L1 very short, anterior part reduced, left with a very small process, two hind lobes robust; L2 curved roundly, right end with two short processes; L3 strongly curved, apex mildly sharped; pda well developed, paa strongly protruded. Right phallomere: small. R1M short; R1L thoroughly sclerited, thick; R2 small, divides into two round chunks, the chunks generally equal sized (Fig. 19 C–D). Female. Measurements (mm): body length: 24.3–27.9, body width: 18.4–20.5. Unicolored, pubescent, dark brown both in dorsal and ventral view, spines on the legs dark brown. Supra-anal plate transverse type, hind margin nearly straight, median distinctly emarginated, and divided by a longitudinal line. Subgenital plate with median protruded, bulged (Fig. 5 I–J). Nymph. Coloration varies from yellowish brown to dark brown, some individuals with abdomen orange, but the rest parts brown. Ootheca. As Fig. 38 C–D and M, reddish brown, serration of keel large, curved. Respiratory canals well developed. The longitudinal ridges distinct. Variation. Male of the species varied in the following characters: 1) body size, according to the material we examined, we found the Suining and Dujiangyan populations with shorter tegmina and body size (Fig. 5 E–F, H), while the Simianshan population more possible to with larger body and longer tegmina (Fig. 5 G); 2) the hyaline macula on tegmina ranging from small spots to extremely large spots (Fig. 5 E, H); 3) usually the black maculae on wings distribute on the margin of M and CuA, but some extreme individuals with the maculae expand to the median of CuA area; 4) usually individuals may have dark brown pronotum and tegmina, while some individuals may have light colored pronotum and tegmina (generally light yellowish rather than brown). Natural History. This species can be found inside the dry loose earth around old houses (Figs. 40 G–J; 41 D–E), or in the broad-leaved forest (Fig. 40 A); in the forest, they would like to live together in the tree holes, the humus in the holes is a little wet, but is loose enough for them to creep (Fig. 40 B–D). In Mt. Simianshan, E. hanae were found in a cliff hole, which is difficult to be wetted by the rain, the earth in the hole is wet but loose for E. hanae (Fig. 41 A–C); plenty individuals of E. hanae were also found under the woodpiles next to a farm house at Mt. Simianshan, the earth under the woodpiles is slightly wet and loose, which is mixed with bits of wood (Fig. 41 E); the house-owner said these roaches were not originally live under her woodpiles, they were brought by the owner from the cliff at the hillside. Mt. Simianshan is wet, but the environment under the cliff is dry, the roaches were found inside the sand; the local people call Eupolyphaga roaches as “turtle bugs”, they catch them and put them in the spirit for medicine use, the house-owner also put E. hanae under her woodpiles to breed them for medicine use. Etymology. This species is named after Ms. Jing-Fei Han, who helped the first author collect the type specimens from Dujiangyan. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou) (Fig. 2). Remarks. A species distributes around Chongqing, Sichuan and Guizhou. This new species was firstly noticed by the first author in Dujiangyan since 2012, but only a photo left (Fig. 40 C). Later from 2015 to 2016, the first author successfully obtained this species from Dujiangyan again (Fig. 40 D–F), and discovered two other populations from Suining, Sichuan and Mt. Simianshan, Chongqing. All the male adults were reared from the nymphs and oothecae were obtained from the females (Figs. 40 E–F, K; 41 F–H). One specimen from GZU was captured from Xishui, where near the border between Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou (Fig. 2). Before the present paper is published, a pair of this new species were captured from Mt. Jinyunshan, Chongqing. The two individuals as well as several nymphs were found inside the humus under a stone table in the forest and a nearby small hole under a cliff.Published as part of Qiu, Lu, Che, Yang-Li & Wang, Zong-Qing, 2018, A taxonomic study of Eupolyphaga Chopard, 1929 (Blattodea: Corydiidae: Corydiinae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 4506 (1) on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4506.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/260671
Gated relational stacked denoising autoencoder with localized author embedding for global citation recommendation
No full textCitation recommendation is an effective and efficient way to facilitate authors finding desired references. This paper presents a novel neural network based model, called gated relational probabilistic stacked denoising autoencoder with localized author (GRSLA) embedding, for global citation recommendation task. Our model is comprised of two modules with different neural network architecture. For each citing and cited papers, we use a gated paper embedding module, which is extended from probabilistic stacked denoising autoencoder (PSDAE) by adding gated units, to obtain their paper vectors. The added gated units are able to utilize text information of cited paper to refine the vector representation of citing paper in multiple semantic levels. For an author in papers, we first apply topic model to obtain his/her semantic neighbors, and then use a localized author embedding (LAE) module to excavate author vector representation from semantic and explicit neighbors. Unlike most graph convolutional network (GCN) based methods, the LAE module is able to avoid computing global Laplacian in whole graph by taking limited neighbors. Moreover, the LAE module can also be stacked to absorb more neighbors, which makes our model have high extendibility. Based on the generation process of GRSLA, we also derive a learning algorithm of our model by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. We conduct experiments on the AAN, DBLP and CORD-19 datasets, and the results show that GRSLA model works well than previous global citation recommendation methods
Cybercrime deterrence and international legislation: Evidence from distributed denial of service attacks
No full textWang Qiu Hong is the corresponding author. Authors are listed in alphabetical order.</p
The Study of Kangxi' Emperor's Chun Qiu Jie Yi
No full textWhen Chun Qiu was passed down to Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, it had already had a history of two millennia in which it underwent elaborations and explanations by both emperors and scholars. The preceding explicatory attempts had accumulated to not only form an enormous system of interpretation but also develop many important issues.
After having ascended to authority, Emperor Kangxi commissioned the Hanlin imperial academicians to expound Chun Qiu for him. Kangxi Emperor\ue2s Chun Qiu Jie Yi (referred to hereafter as Chun Qiu Jie Yi) is an anthology of the teaching materials used in the lectures. As newcomers to the long procession of previous interpreters of Chun Qiu, Kangxi and the academicians could not help having to respond to both the existent scholarship on the gist and calligraphy of the classic and the issues foregrounded by biographies and explanatory notes on which their own explications were based. Moreover, when it came to appropriating and extolling Chinese classics, the emperors reigning at the dawn of the Qing Dynasty, being foreign rulers, could not possibly bypass the exegetical tradition of Chun Qiu and were expected to declare their perspectives on the issues emphasized therein. Therefore, one of the aims of this dissertation is to examine how Chun Qiu Jie Yi responds to the issues in the exegetical system of Chun Qiu.
In addition, Chun Qiu Jie Yi should be regarded as a work collaboratively written by Emperor Kangxi and his assembly of lecturers specializing in classics, known as rijiang officials. Since as early as the Song Dynasty, the jingyan rijiang officials have conferred upon themselves grand ideals and great duties, maintaining \ue2the greatest responsibilities of the country rest upon the shoulders of zaixiang (the prime minister) and jingyan: whereas the former is responsible for bringing order and peace to the country, the latter is held accountable for imparting morality and virtues to the sovereign.\ue2 In Qing, a dynasty characterized by the growing concentration of power in one individual, becoming the emperor\ue2s rijiang official virtually amounted to an opportunity of a lifetime, for it allowed scholars to mold the sovereign\ue2s thinking thoroughly over an extended period of time, thereby enabling them to realize their aspiration of bettering the world. Since Chun Qiu primarily concerns events in the political realm, it has lent itself to initiating and facilitating discussions of politics as the rijiang officials saw fit. Here, what demands attention is that, in the study, the monarch temporarily assumed the role of a student while his officials preached. Beyond the study, however, the hierarchy was resumed and the ruler-subject relationship was restored. Such alternation of the dual relationship is also an aspect worthy of further consideration in Chun Qiu Jie Yi. This dissertation intends to compare the exegetic works cited in Chun Qiu Jie Yi, in hopes of assessing the attainability of the rijiang officials\ue2 aspiration to act as the emperor\ue2s mentors.
The dissertation approaches Chun Qiu Jie Yi as a historical activity. Hence, it attempts to contextualize the anthology, to reconstruct the circumstances in which Kangxi and his rijiang officials undertook the explication of Chu Qiu, and to scrutinize their interpretive behaviors and the underlying ideologies as well as purposes. On the grounds of this premise, when discussing the hermeneutic activities in Chun Qiu Jie Yi, the dissertation aims to first point out the ideas the anthology conveys, highlighting its concerns about a sovereign\ue2s method of governing a country. Second, the dissertation shifts the focus from what the anthology is about to how Kangxi and his officials\ue2 viewpoints on political doctrines were articulated. It proceeds to analyze the hermeneutics as well as ensuing pitfalls of Chun Qiu Jie Yi, with the aim of calling attention to the similarities between the anthology\ue2s reading of Chun Qiu and the decoding activity that extends from the author (real or implied) to the reader (real or ideal) as proposed in the contemporary theory of narratology. Third, the dissertation zeroes in on the exegetic works cited in Chun Qiu Jie Yi in order to, on the one hand, investigate the anthology\ue2s response to and evasion of key issues accentuated by scholars of preceding dynasties and the history of Chu Qiu studies and, on the other hand, probe into the interrelationship between the exegesis of the classic and the political appropriation of such a literary classic as exemplified therein. Finally, the dissertation ventures to suggest that in the heart of the hermeneutics adopted in Chun Qiu Jie Yi lies a structure akin to a flower with multiple layers of petals\ue2a structure of thinking wherein the anthology strives to both establish its legitimacy in understanding the profound teachings of Confucius and canonize its interpretation as the paradigm their literary and political successors would consult. It concerns not only how traditional intellectuals approached an ancient classic but also how scholars of Han descent, in particular, consciously appropriated the classic to serve their roles as teachers for a foreign emperor in early Qing
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