1,720,953 research outputs found
Studies of innate regulation of sterile inflammation in cancer and autoimmunity
No full textThe Immune system is a complex system that is composed of specialized celltypes but also response mechanisms that reside in all cells of our bodies. The immune system also relies on barrier functions and the coordinated response to insult of these barriers and infection has evolved to restore a balance with our environment. This includes mechanisms related to fighting infection but also to take care of the cells in our bodies to remove damaged cells and cells that have turned into cancer cells and no longer follow the signals in their environment. Dysregulation of the immune system can lead to both cancer and inflammatory diseases. As we know more of the immune system research has focused on targeting the immune system both to enhance and steer the response to combat cancer but also to block detritus responses and prevent autoimmunity and that the immune system destroys our own tissues and organs. In this thesis the focus is to evaluate how to overcome the immune suppression in cancer as well as to determine how the immune system is regulated during inflammatory pressure that can lead to autoimmunity.Paper I. Here we identify Neutrophils as a cell type that responds to immunotherapy for cancer and blocks the effect of the treatment. We find that IFNγ produced as a result of activation of cytotoxic cells upregulate the negative costimulatory receptor PDL1 on neutrophils. Depletion of this negative loop increases efficacy of immunotherapy and Neutrophils change their phenotype to an aging-reversed and anti-tumor state.Paper II. In this study we investigate the involvement of endosomal pattern recognition receptors in immunotherapy for cancer targeting myeloid cells. We find that myeloid cells need to sense the tumor microenvironment using these receptors to be targetable for treatment. Mechanistically, we find that in absence of endosomal TLRs myeloid cells do not upregulate the inflammasome machinery needed to respond to myeloid targeting.Paper III. Unconventional T cells have the capacity to both regulate adaptive immunity as well as exert cytotoxicity. Of these iNKT cells are quick responders and are activated by glycolipids presented on the MHC Class I like molecule CD1d. Here we find that cancer associated fibroblasts express CD1d within the tumor and during stress responses they present glycolipids to iNKT cells and activate them. Thus, we define a new pathway for regulating innate lymphocyte within the tumor microenvironment.Paper IV. In this study we investigate how B cells are regulated during autoinflammatory responses resulting in production of autoantibodies in connection to the systemic autoimmune disease SLE. We find that there is a balance between conventional and unconventional T follicular helper cells in the regulation of B cells. Thus, when we activate iNKT cells to differentiate into iNKTfh cells they influence the numbers of Tfh cells and in effect the autoreactive B cell response.List of scientific papersI. Pei SD, Pan YY, Liang H, Ravetch JV, Soehnlein O, Karlsson MCI. Neutrophil regulation of immunotherapy for cancer is controlled by type II interferon. In revision. [Submitted]II. Pan YY, Pei SD, Liang H, Westeberg K, Yu YD, He N, Ravetch JV, Mak TW, McGaha TL, Karlsson MCI. Myeloid targeting for immunotherapy of cancer requires endosomal pattern recognition. In revision. [Submitted]III. Pei S, Sjölund J, Pan Y, Pietras K, Karlsson MCI. Cancer-associated fibroblasts express CD1d and activate invariant natural killer T cells under cellular stress. Cell Mol Immunol. 2024 Jan;21(1):91-94. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-023-01082-1IV. He C, Wang S, Moreews M, Pei S, Chen G, Li QZ, Del Monte Monge A, Ramiro AR, Cai C, Gaya M, Barral P, Buggert M, Batista FD, Karlsson MCI. The balance between conventional and unconventional T follicular helper cells influences autoreactive B cell responses. Cell Rep. 2025 May 27;44(5):115602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115602</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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