1,720,954 research outputs found
Design in der Hochpräzisionsmetrologie durch Maschinelles Lernen
Full text linkArtificial Intelligence and photonics are two fields that individually shaped modern science for decades. However, the interdisciplinary field of utilizing intelligent algorithms to facilitate the design of photonic devices only emerged during the last few years. Although techniques in the field of Artificial Intelligence promise to reach unprecedented functionalities, especially in the intricate field of high-precision optical metrology, which involves the precise measurement and characterization of light and optical properties for applications requiring nanometer to sub-nanometer accuracy, their application necessitates the understanding of completely new frameworks. This thesis delves into the innovative integration of Machine Learning methods within the domain of optical device optimization, particularly focusing on the design of high-performance optical cavities and metasurfaces for applications in high-precision optical metrology. These applications often present extreme demands for the optical performance, such as the reflectivity of optical mirrors or the noise performance of multiscale optical systems. Existing Machine Learning methods fall short in addressing these cutting-edge requirements, for example in exceeding metasurface efficiency well beyond 90 %. This thesis tackles the novel intersection of nanophotonics and Artificial Intelligence to enhance the design and functionality of photonic devices. Through a meticulous numerical analysis, it assesses the spectrum of noise sources in ultra-stable laser systems, highlighting the non-intuitive role of the mirrors for the first time. Employing neural networks, the study showcases a novel method for rapid and accurate noise estimation, leading to the optimization of cavity geometries for minimized noise. Furthermore, the thesis explores the potential of metamirrors, designed through advanced Machine Learning techniques, to achieve near-unity reflectivity and precise phase control for focusing light, surpassing traditional mirror designs. A novel tandem neural network approach facilitates the design of a focusing metamirror, demonstrating exceptional performance in reflectivity and phase accuracy for a typical wavelength of 1550 nm. This work also introduces freeform topology optimization methods for designing metaatoms capable of dual-wavelength operation at 1064nm and 1550 nm, utilizing cutting-edge computer vision models for predicting optical properties from binary pixel maps. The research outlines the critical role of Machine Learning in advancing the design and optimization of optical devices, offering a comprehensive framework for future studies in photonic device design. It sets a new benchmark for the application of Artificial Intelligence in photonics, paving the way for further exploration of sophisticated Machine Learning techniques.Künstliche Intelligenz und Photonik sind zwei Bereiche, die die moderne Wissenschaft über Jahrzehnte hinweg geprägt haben. Das interdisziplinäre Gebiet, das solche intelligenten Algorithmen nutzt, um das Design photonischer Bauteile zu erleichtern, entstand erst in den letzten Jahren. Obwohl viele Methoden aus dem Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz, insbesondere im komplexen Feld der Hochpräzisionsmetrologie, die die genaue Messung und Charakterisierung von Licht und optischen Eigenschaften für Anwendungen mit einer Genauigkeit von Nanometern bis zu Sub-Nanometern umfasst, unerreichte Funktionalitäten versprechen, erfordert ihre Anwendung ein umfassendes Verständnis völlig neuer Methoden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Einsatz von Methoden des maschinellen Lernens im Bereich der Optimierung optischer Bauteile, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Implementierung optischer Resonatoren und Metaoberflächen für Anwendungen in der Hochpräzisionsmetrologie. Diese Anwendungen stellen oft extreme Anforderungen an die optische Performance, z. B. an das Reflexionsvermögen von optischen Spiegeln oder das Rauschverhalten von mehrskaligen optischen Systemen. Bestehende Methoden des maschinellen Lernens werden diesen modernen Anforderungen nicht gerecht, wenn es beispielsweise darum geht, die Effizienz von Metaoberflächen weit über 90% hinaus zu steigern. In dieser Arbeit wird jener neue Schnittpunkt von Nanophotonik und künstlicher Intelligenz untersucht, um das Design und die Funktionalität photonischer Bauteile zu verbessern. Eine umfassende numerische Analyse bewertet ein breites Spektrum von Rauschquellen in ultrastabilen Lasersystemen und hebt zum ersten Mal die Rolle der Spiegel hervor. Unter Verwendung von neuronalen Netzwerken beschreibt die Studie eine neuartige Methode für eine schnelle und genaue Abschätzung von Rauschbeiträgen, die zur Optimierung der Resonator-Geometrie für minimiertes Rauschen führt. Weiterhin erkundet die Dissertation das Potenzial von Metaspiegeln, die durch fortschrittliche Techniken des maschinellen Lernens designt wurden, um eine nahezu vollständige Reflektion und präzise Phasenkontrolle für das Fokussieren von Licht zu erreichen und damit traditionelle Spiegeldesigns abzulösen. Ein neuartiger Tandem-Ansatz neuronaler Netzwerke erleichtert das Design eines fokussierenden Metaspiegels und demonstriert außergewöhnliche Leistungen in Bezug auf Reflektivität und Phasengenauigkeit für eine typische Wellenlänge von 1550 nm. Zudem werden erste Proben dieser fokussierenden Metaspiegel hergestellt und charakterisiert. Diese Arbeit führt zudem eine Methode der Freiform-Optimierung für das Design von Metaatomen ein, die es ermöglichen kann, einen Metaspiegel mit zwei Wellenlängen, 1064nm und 1550 nm, zu betreiben. Hierfür werden modernste Computer-Vision-Modelle zur Vorhersage optischer Eigenschaften der Metaatome genutzt. Die Forschung unterstreicht die unersetzliche Rolle des maschinellen Lernens bei derWeiterentwicklung der Design-Prozesse und der Optimierung optischer Bauteile und bietet einen umfassenden Rahmen für zukünftige Studien auf diesem Gebiet. Sie setzt einen neuen Maßstab für die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz in der Photonik und ebnet den Weg für weitere Untersuchungen neuartiger Techniken des maschinellen Lernens
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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