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Seed treatment with chlormequat chloride improves the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. under salt stress
No full textBackground: Salinity is a global and increasing problem in agriculture. The response of Brassica napus L. (canola or oilseed rape) to salinity and the possible role of chlormequat chloride (CCC) as a seed primer in improving salt tolerance were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment consisted of four salinities (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g NaCl kg−1 soil) and four CCC concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg L −1) in a complete randomised block design with three replications. Results: Salt stress decreased relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, potassium and calcium content, K/Na, Ca/Na ratio and seed yield, but increased leaf temperature, intercellular CO2 concentration, proline, electrolyte leakage, stomatal area and sodium content. Application of CCC, especially 500 and 750 mg L −1, improved all measured traits and Ca and K contents. The increase in K and Ca content and the simultaneous decrease in Na content indicate improved ion selectivity in plants treated with CCC. Stomatal density was reduced by salt stress, while higher concentrations of CCC increased the number of stomata, especially in the abaxial part, thus reducing the adaxial/abaxial stomatal number ratio. Reduced stomatal number due to salt stress increased the resistance of canola to salt stress by preventing transpiration rate and can be considered as a stress avoidance and water saving mechanism in canola. There is no significant difference in all measured traits between non-saline and mild saline stress, but seed yield decreased at this stress level compared to the control condition. Conclusion: The results suggest that the application of CCC increased the photosynthetic, physiological, and biochemical attributes and seed yield of canola plants. The data show that 500 and 750 mg CCC L −1 in saline soils up to 10.5 dS m −1 can improve yield and physiological parameters of canola
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Correction to: Application of Thiourea Alleviates Adverse Effects of Heavy Metals Stress in Wheat (Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, (2025), 25, 3, (7246-7264), 10.1007/s42729-025-02592-9)
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Response of wheat cultivars to zinc application for seed yield and quality improvement
No full textZinc deficiency is a common nutritional problem in calcareous agricultural soils, resulting in reduced crop yield and performance. The effects of zinc sulphate (0 and 40 kg/ha) on seed yield, its components and seed element contents of 21 wheat cultivars were investigated. Zinc sulphate application increased plant height, leaf area index (LAI), flag leaf area, biomass, spike length, number of seeds per spike, seed weight and harvest index (HI). The increase in HI indicates the greater effect of zinc on seed production compared to plant biomass. In most of the cultivars, zinc sulphate application decreased the content of phosphorus and nitrogen in seeds and increased the content of iron and potassium. The cultivars showed significant differences in all the traits measured, indicating the existence of genetic diversity in the cultivars studied. In the second year, which was hotter and drier than the first year, zinc sulphate application reduced the damage caused by drought and heat stress and improved seed yield and quality. The regression fit showed that newer cultivars had lower yields in unfertilized conditions compared to old cultivars and showed their superiority in zinc fertilized conditions. It seems that the newer varieties require more fertilizer because they have been bred on fertile soils
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Application Methods of Zinc Sulphate Increased Safflower Seed Yield and Quality under End-Season Drought Stress
No full textZinc deficiency is one of the most widespread nutritional problems, affecting nearly one-third of the world population. In addition, it is known that zinc deficiency not only reduces crop yield but also its quality. The effect of different methods of zinc application on the growth, yield, and quality of safflower seeds under regular irrigation and interruption of irrigation from flowering to harvest (82 and 80 DAS in the first and second years, respectively) was evaluated. Zinc sulfate was applied in both soil and foliar methods. The zinc sulfate treatments include no zinc sulfate, soil application of 20, 40, and 60 kg ha−1 at the planting stage; spraying 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g L−1 in the rosette stage; and spraying 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g L−1 in the flowering stage. The end-season drought caused a decrease in the chlorophyll index, leaf area index, relative water content, plant height, yield components, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, oil harvest index, and seed element content compared to regular irrigation. The decrease in yield occurred with a decrease in the capitol number and diameter, seed number per capitol, and 1000-seed weight. The severity of the damage of the end-season drought stress in the second year was higher than in the first year due to the higher temperatures and the decrease in the rainfall. In both years, the application of zinc sulfate in different ways had an increasing effect on the studied traits in both normal and stress conditions. The application of zinc sulfate reduced the negative effects of unfavorable environmental conditions and improved the yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron element content in the seed. In both application methods of zinc sulfate, the increment in the zinc sulfate concentration decreased the seed phosphorus content. However, the phosphorous content was more than that of the treatment of non-zinc application. The application of zinc increased the biological, seed, and oil yield of the treated plants, but the seed and oil yield were more affected. This effect was shown in the seed and oil harvest index increment. Under regular irrigation, higher concentrations of zinc sulfate enhanced plant performance, but under stress conditions, medium and lower concentrations were more effective. The highest 1000-seed weight and potassium and zinc content were obtained by spraying zinc sulfate at 5 g L−1 in the flowering stage under normal irrigation conditions. A comparison of the two methods of applying zinc sulfate showed that foliar spraying was more effective than soil application in improving the seed yield. The soil application is more effective on biological yield than seed yield
Physiological and Qualitative Response of Cucurbita pepo L. to Salicylic Acid under Controlled Water Stress Conditions
No full textLimited water stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect the growth, quantity and quality of agronomic crops. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of foliar applied salicylic acid (SA) on physiological responses, antioxidant enzymes and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. Plants exposed to water-stressed conditions in two years of field studies. Irrigation regimes at three soil matric potential levels (−0.3, −1.2 and −1.8 MPa) and SA at four levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L) were considered as main plot and sub-plots, respectively. The soil matric potential values (MPa) was measured just before irrigation. Results showed that under water stressed conditions alone, the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and ion leakage were higher compared with control treatment. However, spraying of SA under both water stress and non-stress conditions reduced the values of the above parameters. Water stress increased CAT, APX and GR enzymes activity. However foliar application of SA led to the decrease of CAT, APX and GR under all soil matric potential levels. The amount of carbohydrates and fatty acids increased with the intensity of water stress and SA modulated this response. By increasing SA concentration both in optimum and stress conditions, saturated fatty acids content decreased. According to our data, the SA application is an effective approach to improve pumpkin growth under water stress conditions
Comparative Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Field Performance of Crocus sativus L
No full textThe effects of four plant growth regulators on Crocus sativus L. (saffron) yield and performance were studied in two consecutive years under field conditions. Saffron corms were immersed in solutions of gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), paclobutrazol (PBZ), chlormequat chloride (CCC), distilled water (hydroprime), and dry corms as the control. Results showed that among the different treatments, plants primed with GA3 500 μM had the highest flower fresh weight and stigma dry weight. In contrast, primed corms with 1000 μM CCC and 100 μM PBZ had the lowest flower dry weight. Furthermore, the plants primed with SA 1400 had the highest leaf numbers, leaf dry weight, and leaf area index (LAI). Plants treated with GA3 induced narrow but the longest leaves, while those treated with SA showed the widest ones. It was also demonstrated that the application of CCC and PBZ can produce shorter leaves. Furthermore, the greatest numbers of daughter corms were obtained in 1400 μM SA. Both PBZ and CCC were reported to have no impacts on the corm numbers but produced larger and heavier daughter corms. The results revealed that the priming of saffron corms with GA3 and then SA improved saffron growth and yield
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