1,720,957 research outputs found
Development of a Laboratory Scale Drainage Wastewater Treatment Plant for Khulna Municipality
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, August 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-106)Cities in developing countries are experiencing unparalleled growth and rapidly increasing water supply and sanitation coverage that will continue to release growing volumes of wastewater. Wastewater is increasingly being used for irrigation in urban and peri-urban agriculture, and even in distant rural areas downstream of the very large cities. The present study was conducted to analyse municipal wastewater quality parameters of the existing drainage outlets over Mayur River around Khulna city and to develop a laboratory scale treatment plant for safe disposal and prevent environmental pollutions. To fulfil the purpose of the research, wastewater samples from three municipal drain outlets were collected and analysed for selecting treatment system and the evaluation of effluent’s suitability for irrigation use as well as safe disposal into surface water bodies. From the analysis of physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater, it can be seen that pH, EC, BOD, COD, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and sulfate values were not fully satisfy the irrigation standard limit as the wastewater was highly polluted. The BOD and COD concentration of wastewater sample were varied from 57-226 mg/l and 320-435 mg/l respectively and the total coliform ranged from 70000-98050 N/100ml. Chloride and hardness values were of high range as the collected samples were heavily polluted by organic matter and microorganisms. Therefore, a laboratory scale treatment technology has been developed for the treatment of this wastewater. Treatment technologies adopted are primary sedimentation followed by aeration, chemical precipitation and filtration. In treated wastewater BOD5, COD and TDS were found to be in the range of 40-115 mg/l, 160-256 mg/l and 1356-1500 mg/l respectively. These test results suggest that the performance of the developed treatment plant was not adequate to fulfil the acceptable limit (ECR'97) for safe disposal into surface water bodies. Based on preliminary treatment results, some modifications of developed laboratory scale treatment plant were done by activated sludge process followed by granular media filtration. As a result, the final BOD, COD and TDS concentration of effluents were found 1.38-1.78 mg/l, 32-128 mg/l and 590-1667 mg/l respectively which satisfy ECR'97 standard limits for safe disposal into inland water bodies. Comparing with national (ECR'97) and international (FAO'85) wastewater quality standards, the effluents of modified treatment plant may be reused for irrigation purposes that would be able to meet the increasing water demand for the farmers and can be safely disposed into the surrounding water bodies of Khulna city.Md. Rasel SheikhMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
HYDROLOGIC FORECAST MERGING USING DYNAMIC WEIGHTS
No full textI wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Paulin Coulibaly, for his unwavering guidance, encouragement, support, and patience throughout the research period. Achieving this significant milestone in my life would not have been possible without his invaluable assistance and mentorship.Hydrologic modeling and forecasting play a critical role in water resource planning and management, helping to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of droughts and flood hazards. The accuracy and reliability of streamflow forecasting systems largely depend on the structure of hydrologic models and the quality of their inputs. To address the inherent limitations of individual models, multi-model or ensemble forecast merging has emerged as a promising approach to improve forecast accuracy by reducing uncertainty. However, the static nature of traditional merging weights introduces additional uncertainties, as model performance varies dynamically over time. This study aims to develop a dynamic framework for merging forecasts that adjusts weights over forecast lead times. Additionally, the framework explores whether integrating local and large-scale model forecasts can enhance accuracy. The research began with a comprehensive literature review to establish the state-of-the-art in hydrologic forecast merging (HFM) techniques, identifying their applications, advantages, and limitations. Recognizing the unique challenges of large-scale basins containing regulated sub-basins, the study first investigated calibration strategies for hydrologic models in highly regulated basins. Using time series features (TSFs) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA), a dynamic weights (TSF-Ws) estimation framework was then developed. Finally, the method was applied to integrate local and large-scale forecasts from natural and regulated sub-basins. A multi-site, multi-variable, and multi-objective calibration strategy, incorporating targeted water level operational constraints, is effective for highly regulated basins where dam operation and natural streamflow data are unavailable. Dynamic forecast merging significantly improves accuracy by reducing uncertainty, with the TSF-Ws-based method outperforming traditional static weights merging approaches. Integrating large-scale forecasts with locally calibrated ones proved advantageous when applying dynamic weights. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights and potential for enhanced hydrologic forecasting, especially in real-time flood forecasting. However, the current weight estimation relies solely on BMA. Future research could explore advanced techniques, such as emerging physical system-based learning, for further estimating TSF-Ws to enhance forecast accuracy and adaptability.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)Hydrological modeling and forecasting play a vital role in effective water resource planning and flood mitigation by helping communities prepare for extreme events. Accurate streamflow forecasting is essential, but no single model performs reliably well under all conditions. This research develops an innovative merging framework that assigns time series features (TSFs)-based dynamic weights (TSF-Ws) to combine forecasts from multiple models, reflecting the ever-changing nature of hydrological systems. The methods are applied to real-time forecasts from local and large-scale models in Canadian watersheds. Key contributions include: 1) Identifying optimal calibration strategies for hydrological models in highly regulated watersheds; 2) Establishing a robust merging framework for estimating TSF-Ws to improve streamflow forecast accuracy across different lead times; and 3) Demonstrating the effectiveness of the TSF-Ws framework in merging local and large-scale models to enhance overall forecasting reliability. This research provides a foundation for integrating the TSF-Ws merging framework into operational flood prediction systems, enabling more accurate and timely responses to flood risks
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
