528 research outputs found
Statue of Buffalo bill (William F. Cody), Cody, Wyo.
No full textStatue of Buffalo bill (William F. Cody), Cody, Wyo
Nitrogen fixation may provide a significant yet under quantified source of Nitrogen in the Great Lakes
No full textNitrogen fixation (NFix) is an important yet understudied microbial process in aquatic ecosystems and especially in the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL). Early work suggested the contribution of NFix in the LGL is minimal to the nitrogen budget. However, recent work has shown during bloom events, NFix can help alleviate nitrogen limitations. Thus, we sought to revisit NFix in the LGL and comprehensively sample from near and offshore stations and with depth to understand the spatial variability of NFix.
Nitrogen fixation rates were quantified using an adapted acetylene reduction assay (Stewart et al. 1967; doi:doi:10.1073/pnas.58.5.2071). Water samples were collected from discrete depths (Table 1) using a CTD-rosette water sampler equipped with 12 - 8L Niskin bottles and outfitted with a Sea-Bird multi-parameter profiler (conductivity, temperature and depth). Two liters of water were collected in triplicate from each depth and concentrated onto a 0.22µm pore size MF- Millipore Membrane filter using a vacuum manifold at low pressures to minimize cell breakage. Given the vast difference in lake depths between lakes and even within lakes, at each sampling station we took three depths, a surface (5m) sample (constant at all stations), mid- water column (based on max station depth) and near-bottom water (5m from bottom) (SI Table 1). The mid-water collection did not necessarily coincide with the thermocline, if it was even present. In preliminary testing in Lake Superior, we determined that approximately 2L of water was necessary to capture enough biomass to quantify rates in oligotrophic waters. In areas of high biomass, such as Lake Erie, water was filtered until the filter was clogged, which were all below 1L. Filtrate volume was noted, and final nitrogen fixation values were corrected based on volume filtered. Following filtration, filters were transferred to 50mL serum vials, submerged in 25mL of filtrate (lake water) from the same depth it originated from, and capped with a Teflon stopper. Acetylene gas was generated shipboard prior to sampling by combing 1g calcium carbide (CaC2) and 100ml of deionized water in a side arm flask attached to a 1L Tedlar gas sampling bag (EnviroSupply & Service). Samples were spiked with 1mL of acetylene gas and incubated at near in situ conditions (temperature and light) in the lab for 24 hours. For deep samples, incubations were done in the dark. After 24 hours, the incubations were terminated using 5mL of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and stored in the dark at 4°C until measurements could be made in the lab. Acetylene gas concentration (peak area integration) was measured using an Agilent 6890 Plus GC System equipped with a flame deionized detector (FID) and a GS-Carbon Plot column 100/120 mesh (Agilent 113-3122). The GC-FID parameters are as follows: the carrier gas He2 was set at a flow rate of 30cm/s, the oven temperature was held isothermally at 125°C for 3 minutes, with an a split injection of 1:20 at 250°C. Sample injection volumes were 100 µL taken from the headspace of the vial. The retention times for acetylene and ethylene were observed at 1.8 and 1.9 minutes, respectively. For each station and at each depth, the following series of blanks and controls were used: 1) kill standard, 2) acetylene + DI water 3) acetylene + filtrate. Peak area integrations were calculated at retention times 1.9, and a correction ratio of 1:4 of N2 fixed to ethylene formed were factored in to determine molar N2 fixation rates (nmol/L/day) (Peterson and Burris 1976; doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90187-1)
Editorial: Deep Carbon in Earth: Early Career Scientist Contributions to the Deep Carbon Observatory
No full textSince its inception, the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) has coalesced a multidisciplinary and
international group of researchers focused on understanding and quantifying Earth’s deep carbon
budget. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, and understanding carbon
chemistry under a variety of environmental conditions impacts all aspects of planetary sciences.
DCO recognizes that contributions of early career scientists are integral to the advancement of
knowledge regarding the quantities, movements, origins, and forms of Earth’s deep carbon. This
research topic highlights the contributions of the DCO Early Career Scientist community
Reservoir Site above Shoshone River Dam, Cody, WY
No full textReservoir Site above Shoshone River Dam, Cody, W
Canon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., The
No full textCanon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., Th
River from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, The
No full textRiver from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, Th
Bulletin No. 301 - Cody - A New Oat for Wyoming
No full textBulletin No. 301 - Cody - A New Oat for Wyomin
Sampling of St. Louis Estuary and Lake Superior surface water after the Superior Refinery Fire in 2018
No full textFile List:
A. Filename: post-refinery report_082918.pdf
Short description: Final project report
"SeaGrant Funding Summary: Rapid Response to the Superior Refinery Fire"
B. Filename: post-refineryTOC&DOC_archive.csv
Short description: Total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data from Shimadzu TOC-Vcsh Analyzer,
samples from 1 to 3 days after refinery fire in Superior, WI (April 26, 2018)
C. Filename: post-refineryPOC_archive.csv
Short description: Particulate organic carbon (POC) data from Finnegan Delta PLus XP IRMS with Conflo interface
coupled to a Costech ECS 4010 EA, samples from 1 to 3 days after refinery fire in Superior, WI (April 26, 2018)
D. Filename: post-refinery_BCSAMPLES2_archive.csv
Short description: Black carbon (BC) data from Finnegan Delta PLus XP IRMS with Conflo interface
coupled to a Costech ECS 4010 EA, samples from 1 to 3 days after refinery fire in Superior, WI (April 26, 2018).
BC isolated following Zigah et al 2012.
E. Filename: Collated data_refinery sampling_archive.csv
Short description: TOC, DOC, POC, BC, and sampling location data collated into one spreadsheet.
2. Relationship between files: Files A and E are summary files; A is a report while E is a spreadsheet of data.
Files B, C, and D are the data work-up, including blanks and calibrations, for the data summarized in A and E.On April 26, 2018, there were multiple explosions and a fire at the Husky Refinery in Superior, WI. Safety measures worked well, with no loss of life and few injuries; however, significant smoke and soot emissions from the fire itself did impact the local airways and may also have impacted local watersheds, the Twin Ports harbor and far western Lake Superior. Thus, we measured water quality in the St. Louis estuary and far-western Lake Superior in an attempt to determine if residual petroleum products and/or black carbon (soot) associated with the refinery fire entered Lake Superior or the Saint Louis estuary in measurable amounts. There were indications of very localized impact in total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon data and aerial deposition of soot in some black carbon samples from surface waters. We did not find measurable petroleum hydrocarbon in our samples.Minnesota SeaGrantMinor, Elizabeth C; Shreiner, Kathryn; Sheik, Cody. (2018). Sampling of St. Louis Estuary and Lake Superior surface water after the Superior Refinery Fire in 2018. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D64M64
Horace Kephart preferred life in a mountain camp
No full textThis article on Horace Kephart’s life, written by Paul Cody, was published in 1992 in Cornell University’s Alumni News. Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author and promoter of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
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