1,721,009 research outputs found
Rational expectations
No full textEconomists have recently been working with models in which individuals form expectations of key variables in a "rational" manner, such that these expectations are consistent with actual economic environments. Professor Sheffrin first explores the logical foundation of the concept and the case for employing it in economic analysis. Subsequent chapters investigate its use in macroeconomics, financial markets, and microeconomics. A final chapter assesses its impact on theoretical and empirical work in economics and policy arenas. The author argues that although expectations are still central to macroeconomic policy debates, fully workable models have not yet been devised, and he offers reasons for the lack of conceptual and practical advances. All chapters of the second edition have been revised or expandedNew sections include, inter alia, material on learning, the rationality of reported expectations, alternative recent developments that explicitly or implicitly use rational expectations, new tests of the Lucas critique, and models of noise tradin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
UNANTICIPATED MONEY GROWTH AND OUTPUT FLUCTUATIONS
Full text linkAlmost all tests of rational expectation models have been conducted under the hypothesis of complete price flexibility. In these models, it is unanticipated inflation that causes business fluctuations. William Poole (1976] recently reviewed empirical studies of rational expectation models and concluded that they fail to explain the persistence of business cycles. 1 However, rational expectation models because of their striking theoretical implications do deserve more extensive testing. In this paper, it is shown that even without instantaneous price adjustment it is possible to have cyclical fluctuations in output arising solely from informational inadequacies. A test of this hypothesis is developed which involves looking directly at unanticipated money growth and fiscal policy. Series for unanticipated money growth and fiscal variables are calculated from time-series analysis; economic actors are taken to use all currently available time-series information for forecasting. A minor econometric innovation is a procedure for preventing future values of a stochastic process from affecting current estimates of the process that the agents use
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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