4,711 research outputs found
Development and evaluation of the Sheffield Motor Assessment Chart.
No full textThis research was undertaken in order to develop and evaluate a physiotherapeutic assessment of hemiplegic patients to be called the "Sheffield Motor Assessment Chart". Specifications for its performance and appearance are described on the basis of an extensive review of the literature. Discussion covers aspects of clinical acceptability concerning stroke and hemiplegia, and physiotherapy and rehabilitation; criteria of scientific acceptability; and the presentation and communication of information. Original observations are recorded which were made during development and evaluation of both the protocol of items of assessment and the graphic display of findings of assessments. A sequence of recovery of control of movement and balance was identified using data collected from sixty-three patients, and it was confirmed against data from one hundred and thirty-one patients. Items of assessment based on this sequence are described in two homogeneous scales (r[s]= 0.79; p< 0.01) according to the World Health Organisation's definitions of impairment and disability. The Guttman scalogram technique shows the items to be a valid representation of recovery from hemiplegia (CR = 0.92; CS = 0.75). Tests of inter-observer reliability show each item to be reproducible (p<0.05). From physiotherapists' responses to questionnaires, it is estimated that 0.79 +/-0.21 of the whole population of physiotherapists will find the assessment acceptable. Its potential contribution to multidisciplinary rehabilitation of stroke patients was also investigated during interviews with practitioners and patients. It is concluded that the specifications have been fulfilled so that a valid and reliable physiotherapeutic assessment is available which: (A) is suitable for routine clinical use; (B) offers an aid to communication between physiotherapists and other practitioners; (C) is suitable for gathering data for research; (D) provides a model for other assessments so that multidisciplinary "patient profiles" could be developed for the use of teams of practitioners involved in rehabilitation of stroke patients
Open Access Button Workshop
No full textWorkshop at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014Workshops and TutorialsThe Open Access Button is a browser-based tool that aims to show the global effects of research paywalls and help users get access to the research they need. Users install the Button and click it whenever they reach a journal article to which they have no access, and the Button logs the problem and searches for an Open Access version of the article to present to the user. So far, the Open Access Button has mapped over 4000 paywalls hit by users.
This workshop will demonstrate what the Open Access Button is, what it intends to do, the functionality of the current beta version of the Button tool, how this is relevant to repositories and how conference attendees can be involved in developing new functions for the new version of the Button. I am a researcher and librarian and I have worked in a repository and CRIS environment, so understand the issues from multiple angles.Andrews, Penny CS (University of Sheffield, Open Access Button
Non-linear finite element analysis led design of a novel aircraft seat against certification specifications (CS 25.561)
No full textSeeking to quench airliners’ unending thirst for lightweight, reliable and more
comfortable seating solutions, designers are developing a new generation of
slim economy – class seats. Challenge in front of the designers is to carve out
additional “living space”, as well as to give a “lie – flat” experience to air
travellers with strict adherence to safety regulations. Present research tries to
address all these industry needs through an innovative and novel “Sleep Seat”.
A generous angle of recline (40 degree), movement of “Seat Pan” along the
gradient, fixed outer shell of backrest, and unique single “Forward Beam”
design distinguishes “Sleep Seat” form current generation seats. It is an ultralightweight
design weighing 8kg (typical seat weight is 11kg). It satisfies
“Generic Requirements (GR2)” which ensures “Comfort in Air”. It will be a “16g”
seat, means it can sustain the “Emergency landing” loads as specified by
“Certification Specifications (CS 25.561 and CS 25.562)”. For present research,
only CS 25.561 has been considered.
Since, the design of “Sleep Seat” is still in its conceptual phase, it is not
possible to build the prototypes and their physical testing, due to costs and time
involved. “Finite Element Analysis (FEA)” is a useful tool to predict the
response of the structure when subjected to real life loads. Hence, the aim of
research being undertaken is to develop a detailed FE model of the complete
seat structure, which will help designers to identify potential weak areas and to
compare different design concepts virtually, thereby reducing the development
cycle time.
In order to avoid handling of large number of design variables; major load
carrying members (called Primary Load Path) i.e. Forward beam and leg; are
designed for the most critical “Forward 9g” loads; using FEA results as a basis.
A robust framework to verify the FEA results is developed. “Sequential Model
Development Approach”; which builds the final, detailed FE model starting from
preliminary model (by continuously updating the FE model by addition of details
that are backed up by pilot studies); resulted in a FE model which could predict the stress induced in each of the components for applied CS 25.561 loads
along with “Seat Interface Loads”. The “Interface Load” is the force exerted by
the seat design on the floor and is one of the main contributing factors in seat
design.
“Optistruct” is used as a solver for linear static FEA, whereas “Abaqus /
Standard” is used for non-linear FEA. Stepwise methodologies for mesh
sensitivity study, modelling of bolt-preload, representing bolted joint in FEA,
preventing rigid body motion, and obtaining a converged solution for non-linear
FEA are developed during this research.
Free-Shape Optimisation is used to arrive at a final design of Seat-leg. All the
findings and steps taken during this are well documented in this report. Finally,
a detailed FE model (involving all the three non-linearities : Contact, material
and geometric) of the complete seat structure was analysed for the loads taken
from CS 25.561, and it was found that design of “Forward beam” and leg are
safe against CS 25.561.
Therefore, all the aims and objectives outlined for this research were
accomplished. For future work, first area to look for, would be validation of
present FEA results by experimental testing. FE model to simulate dynamic
loads CS 25.562 can be developed followed by design improvements and
optimisation
PiLa-CS Professional Learning Community - Workshop 2 Resources
No full textDuring the Summer of 2021 and 2022, the Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS) Research Practice Partnership convened and supported a community of practice to learn more about how to enable better CS teaching for emergent bilinguals. These are materials from Workshop 2 of the PLC.Sponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
Translanguaging Pedagogy in CS Ed
No full textEpisode 3: Translanguaging pedagogy in CS Education
This video looks at how multilingual students already use translanguaging in their computer science classes and discusses how CS educators can further support them with translanguaging pedagogy, a framework that prompts teachers to consider their stance, design, and shifts.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgEpisode 3: Translanguaging pedagogy in CS Education
This video looks at how multilingual students already use translanguaging in their computer science classes and discusses how CS educators can further support them with translanguaging pedagogy, a framework that prompts teachers to consider their stance, design, and shifts.
Featuring team members from Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS), https://www.pila-cs.orgSponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
A Machine With Class: A Framework for Object Generation, Integration and Language Authentication (FROGILA)
No full textThe object technology model is constantly evolving to address the software crisis problem. This novel idea which informed and currently guides the design style of most modern scalable software systems has caused a strong belief that the object-oriented technology is the ultimate answer to the software crisis, i.e. applying an object-oriented development method will eventually lead to quality code. It is important to emphasise that object-orientedness does not make testing obsolete. As a matter of fact, some aspects of its very nature introduce new problems into the production of correct programs and their testing due to paradigmatic features like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and dynamic binding as this research work shows.
Most work in testing research has centred on procedure-oriented software with worthwhile methods of testing having been developed as a result. However, those cannot be applied directly to object-oriented software owing to the fact that the architectures of such systems differ on many key issues.
In this thesis, we investigate and review the problems introduced by the features of the object technology model and then proceed to show why traditional structured software testing techniques are insufficient for testing object-oriented software by comparing the fundamental differences in their architecture. Also, by reviewing Weyuker’s test adequacy axioms we show that program-based testing and specification-based testing are orthogonal and complementary. Thus, a software testing methodology that is solely based on one of these approaches (i.e. program-based or specification-based testing) cannot adequately cover all the essential paths of the system under test or satisfactorily guarantee correctness in practice. We argue that a new method is required which integrates the benefits of the two approaches and further builds upon their individual strengths to create a more meaningful, practical and reliable solution.
To this end, this thesis introduces and discusses a new automaton-based framework formalism for object-oriented classes called the Class-Machine and a test method that is based on this formalism. Here, the notion of a class or the idea behind classification in object-oriented languages is embodied within a machine framework. The Class-Machine model represents a polymorphic abstraction for heterogeneous families of Object-Machines that model a real life problem in a given domain; these Object-Machines are instances of different concrete machine types. The Class-Machine has an extensible machine implementation as well as an extensible machine interface. Thus, the Class-Machine is introduced as a formal framework for generating autonomous Object-Machines (i.e. Object-Machine Generator) that share common Generic Class-Machine States and Specific Object-Machine States. The states of these Object-Machines are manipulated by a set of processing functions (i.e. Class-Machine Methods and Object-Machine Methods) that must satisfy a set of preconditions before they are allowed to modify the state(s) of the Object-Machines. The Class-Machine model can also be viewed as a platform for integrating a society of communicating Object-Machines. To verify and completely test systems that adhere to the Class-Machine framework, a novel testing method is proposed i.e. the fault-finders (f²) - a distributed family of software checkers specifically designed to crawl through a Class-Machine implementation to look for a particular type of fault and tell us the location of the fault in the program (i.e. the class under test). Given this information, we can statistically show the distribution of faults in an object-oriented system and then provide a probabilistic assertion of the number and type of faults that remain undetected after testing is completed.
To address the problems caused through the encapsulation mechanism, this thesis introduces and discusses another novel framework formalism that has complete visibility on all the encapsulated methods, memory states of the instance and class variables of a given Object-Machine or Class-Machine system under test. We call this the Class Machine Friend Function (CMƒƒ). In order to further illustrate all the fundamental theoretical ideas and paradigmatic features inherent within our proposed Class-Machine model, this thesis considers four different Class-Machine case studies. Finally, to further show that the Class-Machine theoretical purity does not mitigate against practical concerns, our novel object-oriented specification, verification, debugging and testing approaches proposed in this thesis are exemplified in an automated testing tool called: The Class-Machine Testing Tool (CMTT)
PiLa-CS Professional Learning Community - Design Journal Template
No full textDuring the Summer of 2021 and 2022, the Participating in Literacies and Computer Science (PiLa-CS) Research Practice Partnership convened and supported a community of practice to learn more about how to enable better CS teaching for emergent bilinguals. These are materials from from the PLC for a Design Journal to act as a planing template for teachers.Sponsored by the National Science Foundation under NSF grant CNS-1738645 and DRL-1837446. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
An investigation of consumption patterns and consumer satisfaction with the provision of pharmaceutical products in the Egyptian market : an empirical study.
No full textThis study is an empirical investigation of consumer satisfaction
with the provision of medicine in Egypt.
One way to look at consumer protection in the medicine market
is to explore consumer satisfaction with the provision of medicine.
A further way is to investigate the various consumption patterns of
medicines (in terms of expenditures). Both ways are combined
together in this investigation to gain an insight into the
protection provided to the Egyptian consumers in the medicine
market. The findings are then used to make recommendations in order
to improve medicine provision and protection in Egypt. In addition,
the study aims to contribute theoretically by presenting a
conceptual model of consumer satisfaction. Further, the work tries
to determine the components of consumer satisfaction with respect
to the underlying factors and the degree of satisfaction
experienced by the Egyptian consumers.
The rationale of the second objective of this study was to
investigate whether consumer segments exist in the Egyptian market
on the basis of consumer satisfaction with the provision of
medicine products with particular demographic and socio-economic
characteristics. Ho such clear segments emerged.
It was hypothesized that: (1) there are no significant
differences among Egyptian consumers with different demographic and
socio-economic characteristics on the basis of their satisfaction
with the provision of medicine products and (2) there is no
significant relationship between the consumption patterns of
medicines (in terms of expenditure) and consumer demographic and
socio-economic (in terms of sex, age, income, education,
occupation, marital status, family size).
The primary data required was collected via personal
interviews using a structure questionnaire. ' Information was
collected on consumer attitudes, opinions and demography / socioeconomy. A random multi-stage area sample of 1300 consumers was
chosen. Respondents were selected from two cities, Cairo and Giza. From that sample, 938 usable cases of data were obtained and
analysed.
Two scales of measurement are employed in this study. First,
an interval scale to measure consumer satisfaction on a set of
variables and statements as well as to investigate consumption
patterns of medicines. Second, a nominal scale was used to record
information on consumers' demographics and socio-economics.
The reliability of the satisfaction scale employed in this
study was statistically tested using Cronbach's Alpha. In addition,
five different types of analysis are used to achieve the research
objectives (i.e., factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant
analysis, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis). Factor analysis is
used to analyse the set of satisfaction variables to determine the
underlying factors of consumer satisfaction. The degree of
satisfaction with those factors is also calculated to determine the
extent to which consumers are satisfied with each factor. It was
found that packaging and labelling contribute most to the variance
explained and are the factors with which consumers are most
satisfied. Consumers are least satisfied with medicine price and
availability of medicines.
Cluster analysis is utilized in this study to explore the
similarities and dissimilarities between the Egyptian consumers
segments on the basis of their satisfaction with respect to the
twelve factors identified and the statements. However, this
analysis did not bring out segments. This was confirmed by
discriminant analysis. ANOVA was therefore employed to investigate
the similarities and dissimilarities among consumers with different
demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Multiple regression
analysis was used to determine the relationship between consumption
patterns (dependent variable) and consumer demographic and socioeconomic. The study found that sex, age, income, education, family
size and marital status do affect satisfaction with, and
consumption of, medicine products. In addition, the research
hypotheses are tested via ANOVA (F Ratio) and T tests.
The study makes a contribution to knowledge in three areas,
theoretical, empirical and practical. The main theoretical
contribution is the building of a conceptual model of consumer
satisfaction, while the empirical contribution is that this type of study has not been carried out before into consumer satisfaction
with medicines in a developing country.
Finally, the practical contribution is the significant
implications arising from the work for all the players in the
medicine arena, especially the Egyptian government, since, the
study reveals that the Egyptian consumers feel that the provision
of medicine is less than satisfactory.
The thesis concludes with recommendations for further consumer
behaviour research, empirical studies of consumer satisfaction and
actions which need to be taken by the Egyptian government,
particularly to improve the medicine provision situation in Egypt
and provide the Egyptian consumer with adequate protection
열린충남 52호-[열린기획]Creative Sheffield 도시재생회사와 지역중심의 창의적인 도시재생사업의 실현
No full textQ1. 쉐필드 시는 지난 10년 동안 성공적인 도시재생사업을 통해 잉글랜드 중부의 문화·창조도시로 변모한 것으로 알고 있습니다 이 배경에는‘Creative Sheffield(CS)’와 같은 지역의 현안을 가장 잘 반영하고 다양한 이해당사자를 조율하여 재생사업이 가능하도록 한 도시재생회사가 결정적인 역할을 한 것으로 알고 있습니다. Creative Sheffield의 역할과 기능에 대한 말씀해 주십시오.
Creative Sheffield가 주로 하는 일은 쉐필드 시에서 진행되는 개발을 많은 민간분야가 참여하도록 하는 일을 하고 있습니다. 또한 도시재생사업의 보조금작성신청서를 돕기도 하며 지방정부의 도시재생사업을 제대로 실현시키는 역할을 하고 있습니다. 도시재생과 관련하여 영국 시스템은 중앙정부(national), 광역지역(regional), 지자체(local)간의 연계가 되어 있습니다. 중앙정부와 광역정부의 도시재생에 대한 방향이 정해지면 지자체차원으로 도시재생의 실현은 지역차원에서 지방정부가 주체가 되어 실행됩니다. 쉐필드의 경우에는 쉐필드 시(Sheffield City Council)에서 도시재생사업을 실행하기 됩니다. 각 지방정부는 지역의 도시재생과 경제발전을 위해 광역지역정부로부터 도시재생사업을 위한 펀딩을 요청하게 되며 성공적인 입찰은 제안된 도시재생과 경제발전 계획의 질에 의해 결정됩니다.
-이후 생략N/
The syntax of Moroccan Arabic/French and Moroccan Arabic/Standard Arabic code switching.
No full textContact between different speech communities represents one breeding ground for change and accommodation which can affect the forms as well as the functions of language. Code switching (CS), as one result of this contact situation, is an important site to display the dominance of one language over another, or to witness the resolve of a speech community to incorporate another language so as to satisfy their needs, be them syntactic, lexical or pragmatic. The aim of this thesis is to trace down the formal manifestations of this type of language negotiation whereby switching occurs between two or more languages. It will be shown that, in a CS situation, collision of languages is highly regularised by specific syntactic features. A number of different models to CS structural constraints are considered, and one particular approach based on the analysis of selectional properties of the functional heads is advocated; this I will call the Functional Parameter Constraint (FPC). The underlying assumption of the FPC, which owes it theoretical motivation to recent syntactic research (e. g. Abney 1986, Ouhalla 1991, Chomsky 1995), is that interlanguage parameters, as opposed to language universals, constrain CS. Parameters are restricted to the features of functional categories given that their lexical counterparts are conceptually selected entries which are drawn from an invariant universal vocabulary, and therefore, are not to be parameterised (Chomsky 1995). Following Ouhalla (1991), three selectional properties for which functional categories can be parameterised cross-linguistically are identified, namely c-selection, m-selection and grammatical features. A corpus consisting of naturally occurring data was gathered to test the empirical validity of the hypothesis set for the study. The results of the examination of Moroccan Arabic/French and Moroccan/Standard Arabic bilingual conversations provide the sought empirical support
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