1,720,955 research outputs found
Achieving Emissions Reductions for Environmental Justice Communities Through Climate Change Mitigation Policy
Full text linkPresented at the Environmental justice in the Anthropocene symposium held on April 24-25, 2017 at the Lory Student Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado. This symposium aims to bring together academics (faculty and graduate students), independent researchers, community and movement activists, and regulatory and policy practitioners from across disciplines, research areas, perspectives, and different countries. Our overarching goal is to build on several decades of EJ research and practice to address the seemingly intractable environmental and ecological problems of this unfolding era. How can we explore EJ amongst humans and between nature and humans, within and across generations, in an age when humans dominate the landscape? How can we better understand collective human dominance without obscuring continuing power differentials and inequities within and between human societies? What institutional and governance innovations can we adopt to address existing challenges and to promote just transitions and futures?Includes bibliographical references.This paper focuses on emissions reductions for EJ communities under the Clean Power Plan in particular as well as climate change mitigation policy in general and argues that these reductions should be both mandatory and planned. The next section of the paper discusses why, from an EJ perspective, equity should be an integral part of climate change mitigation policy; then the need for climate change mitigation policy to produce emissions reductions for EJ communities is discussed; this is followed by an explanation of why neither the Clean Power Plan nor carbon trading programs in general can guarantee emissions reductions for EJ communities in the manner needed; then a specific mechanism for achieving these reductions under the Clean Power Plan is proposed; and the paper concludes with several final thoughts. Many of the ideas contained in this paper have been presented before in various forms in comments submitted by this author on behalf of the New Jersey Environmental Justice Alliance. However, additional ideas, discussion and detail are included here
Zoning In and Out: Land Use Policies and Environmental Justice in Chicago and Houston
No full textWithin literature on urban planning and environmental justice, both Chicago’s extensive citywide zoning policies and Houston’s utter lack of citywide zoning policies are charged with disproportionately increasing pollution burdens in low-income communities and communities of color. In this thesis, I posit a theoretical explanation to this apparent paradox: Chicago’s zoning ordinances concentrate high residential density zoning districts and industrial zoning districts in and near low-income communities and communities of color, while Houston’s lack of zoning restrictions allow well-resourced neighborhoods to protect themselves from unwanted land uses while other neighborhoods cannot stop the siting of polluting uses nearby. This thesis investigates the environmental justice implications of these two mechanisms, exploring why urban planning policies in Chicago and Houston evolved as they did. As far as I can tell, this study is the first to recognize the similarities between the assumed environmental justice impacts of zoning and the lack thereof and propose a solution.
To support this theoretical model, I propose two hypotheses: H1 states that pollution burden is positively associated with race and income in both cities, though the effect size is likely not the same in each city. I test this hypothesis literature suggests the correlation is in the same direction in each city, though since I propose entirely different mechanisms, it seems unlikely that both would have near-identical values. H2 states that adding population density to the H1 correlation would increase its strength in Chicago but not in Houston. The proposed mechanism for Chicago’s pollution disparities involves artificial differences in neighborhood housing density, which logically impacts population density, and neither housing nor population density are a part of Houston’s model.
We begin by reviewing the origins of zoning in the United States, which heavily featured racial objectives from the start, literature in environmental justice, and previous work at the intersection of urban planning and environmental justice. This intersectional literature provides justification for the model of zoning and environmental justice in Chicago proposed earlier.
The next chapter features two case studies, tracing the histories of zoning in Chicago and Houston and then discussing modern-day issues. In Chicago, explicitly racist business interests played a large role in crafting the initial zoning ordinance while in Houston, similar interests opposed zoning. More recently, Houston’s communities of color have mobilized against zoning in multiple referenda, successfully defeating it at the polls. In Chicago, modern industrial rezoning efforts indicate an ongoing tendency to place more polluting facilities in low-income communities and communities of color, while in Houston, modern hazardous facility rules still allow such uses to be placed right across the street from homes, and natural disasters cause dangerous chemical spills and concentrated emissions in these “fenceline communities.”
Quantitative analysis using a dataset from the Environmental Protection Agency supports H1, with the positive relationship between race and income and pollution burden being larger in Houston. Results also mostly support H2; while the added effect of population density is significant in Chicago as expected, the effect appears in Houston as well, though to a much smaller degree. The population density effect in Houston may result from lower homeownership rates and higher rates of renting apartments among people of color. Policy recommendations explore reforms for zoning and community engagement, building from existing proposals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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