1,721,062 research outputs found
The Greenhouse Gases Reduction policy in Taiwan:Perspective of Historical Institutionalism
No full text溫室氣體減量議題隨著全球氣候變遷的發生而受到關注，聯合國自1992年制定聯合國氣候變化綱要公約（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）後，並透過召開聯合國氣候變化綱要公約締約國大會（COP）通過對各國具有法律效力的溫室氣體減量政策，至此碳排放交易成為國際新興的經濟戰場，更是主要先進國家新開發的貿易條件。面對國際社會對溫室氣體的限制，對應到國內以高排碳產業為主的產業政策，台灣勢必要因應國際減碳壓力，調和國內政治系統。本研究以歷史脈絡的角度分析我國自1992年發展至今，近二十年的溫室氣體減量政策變遷。
本研究分成七章。第一章為緒論，主要說明問題緣起、研究問題，以及章節安排。第二章為文獻回顧，先就歷史制度論以及斷續均衡理論進行檢閱，並梳理理論與檢討。第三章則提出理論架構與研究設計，本研究依據理論提出的檢驗面向，檢視我國溫室氣體減量政策二十年來的發展與變遷。第四章則進入我國溫減政策的確立時期，本章首先探究台灣溫減政策在1992年到2005年之間的發展，並進一步分析次系統之間政策獨佔的過程，以及總體政治系統的決策。第五章指出2005年到2008年為我國溫減政策沉潛時期，本章強調次系統與利益團體積極爭取溫減政策的制定方向，也決定了此時期總體政治系統的決策結果。第六章分析2008年以後的溫減政策重啟時期。隨著溫減目標年與期程的確立，展現了不同的政策討論面貌。第七章為結論，研究發現我國溫減政策受到貿易制裁的催化，與國內高排碳產業政策的影響，形成政策變遷，隨著政黨政治的發展，溫減政策被邊緣化。
更值得關注的是，本研究指出我國溫減政策因應關鍵時刻產生「三次政策變遷」，並有「四次未產生政策變遷」的結果，次系統的反應序列彰顯了政策動態變遷發展。本章進一步進行理論反思，從台灣溫減政策的變遷過程，與理論進行對話。Greenhouse gases reduction policy becomes more and more important since United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has been passed in 1992. Most important is that carbon trading mechanism has prevailing since then and carbon becomes one of the new commodities to restrict foreign industrial product.
The domestic and foreign political and economic environment has been changing; however, Taiwan still has high percentage on heavy industry. This essay analysize the development of the greenhouse gases reduction policy for 20 years in Taiwan on historical perspective.
There are seven chapters in this thesis. Chapter one is introduction, which proposes my awareness of question and research framework. Chapter two is literature review, which introduces Punctuated Equilibrium and Historical Institutionalism. Chapter three is research framework and research method, which applys to the greenhouse gases policy in Taiwan. Chapter four focuses on begin of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which analysizes how did the subsystem and macropoliical system work. Chapter five focuses on the period of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which emphasizes on the ‘policy monopoly’ within the subsystem and the policymaking in the macropolitical system, caused the stagnation. Chapter six focuses on the reconsideration and revise of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which demonstrates that the target of Sustainable Energy Policy Convention and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) were announced, the changing of the policy development. Chapter seven is conclusion.
This essay discovers the greenhouse gases policy has been shaped by the international sanctions and the heavy industrial policy. Furthermore, party politics might marginalize the policy. This chapter also dialogues with the theory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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